Nurturing social, technological, and scientific entrepreneurship in higher education with education 4.0 and complex thinking

The strengthening of entrepreneurship in higher education has taken on great relevance in recent years since it constitutes a direct link between professional life and promotes competitiveness in the world of work, autonomy, creativity, and innovation. However, there is still a considerable gap in higher education institutions that allows them to enable affordable resources and infrastructure and have experienced human talent and collaborative practices between industry-academia-society-government, especially in public institutions that allow for promoting entrepreneurship. In this article, an alternative is presented as to how, through enabling new systems based on Education 4.0, it is possible to create new teaching-learning systems to train students and lifelong learners with the desirable competencies in complex thinking and disciplinary competencies to promote social, technological, and scientific entrepreneurship. Three case studies are presented to determine how complex thinking competencies are crucial in entrepreneurship projects and as enablers to fostering entrepreneurship practices at a higher education level.