Micro and nanoscale alternatives for algal biotechnological developments in health and environmental sciences

Abstract

In the last few years, microalgae research and development has attracted attention due to the ability of these microorganisms to produce a wide range of high added-value products. However, more research is still required to fully exploit their potential. This dissertation explores different microalgae biotechnological applications in two distinct areas, health and the environment, reason why this work is divided into two main parts that will be covered in Chapters 2 and 3. First, a study was performed to evaluate the potential of polymeric microencapsulation in the stabilization of phycoerythrin, a pigment with anticancer capacity but with stability problems that limit their potential as a pharmaceutical. In the second part, an analysis of the extracellular vesicles of three different strains of the microalga Prymnesium parvum, a species known to be involved in algal blooms worldwide, was performed. In this study, a proteomic analysis of the extracellular vesicles obtained from the three strains was conducted to compare their composition under normal, nitrogen-deficient, and phosphorus-deficient growth conditions. This analysis allowed a better understanding of the role that these vesicles play in algal blooms and how nutrient deficiency alters their composition. Considering both study frameworks, this work aims to contribute to our understanding of the potential biotechnological applications that microalgae could provide in different areas, such as health and the environment. By progressing this knowledge, we also open novel and interesting possibilities in the research and development of innovative biomedical applications to some of the ailments and diseases that to date are still uncurable. Furthermore, to better understand the role these microorganisms play in algal blooms, we can elaborate and take effective control measures to mitigate the health, environmental and economic impacts associated with these phenomena. By generating this knowledge, we are potentially contributing to the advancement of marine science and constructing foundations for future research and technological applications in the field of microalgal biotechnology.