Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud

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Development and in vivo evaluation of a probiotic-enriched functional beverage with Bacillus licheniformis for gut microbiota modulation in a high-fat diet model in C57BL/6 mice
(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-01-01) Ramírez Olea, Hugo; Chavez-Santoscoy, Rocío Alejandra; Vázquez Lepe, Elisa Virginia; mtyahinojosa; Hernández Pérez, Jesús; Yolanda Arlette Santacruz Lopez; García Cayuela, Tomas; González Soltero, María del Rocío; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey
Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic diseases are increasing across the globe. The necessity for public health to discover new interventions that can aid in fighting these conditions is crucial. Obesity, overweight, and diabetes are common conditions in Mexico. Over 70% of adults are overweight. Over a third are obese. Over 14 million people have diabetes. Understanding the link between these metabolic disorders with gut microbiota dysbiosis could therefore be critical to developing novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of these conditions. This PhD thesis intends to develop a functional drink using Bacillus licheniformis to modulate the gut microbiota and subsequently metabolism in general. In this thesis, a review of B. licheniformis was performed, enhancing its probiotic properties and mechanism of action concerning metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. B. licheniformis was chosen due to its probiotic properties regarding microbiome modulation and its helpful effects on metabolic disorders. A native strain was isolated, sequenced, and optimized for use as a single-strain probiotic. Microencapsulation of the probiotic by spray drying using a maltodextrin-alginate-inulin matrix was statistically optimized and yielded microcapsules that have low moisture content (3.02%) and high yield (51.06%) and encapsulation efficiency (80.53%), solubility (90.52%), and stability at 4 °C, 25 °C, and 37 °C for at least six months, maintaining probiotic viability under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Structural analyses (SEM, DLS, Zeta potential, FTIR, XRD, and DSC) showed interactions between the bacterium and the matrix, promoting an improvement in the amorphization, thermal stability, and release profile. The encapsulated probiotic has been added to a non-dairy functional beverage and shown to be viable through storage for over 6 months. Finally, it was evaluated in a high-fat diet Model using C57BL/6 mice. This functional beverage supplementation revealed a decrease in weight gain, prevention of hepatic steatosis, and systemic inflammation. At the same time, it improved glucose tolerance, biochemical profiles, gut microbiota diversity, and gene expressions compared to unsupplemented controls. By combining microbiology, materials science, and metabolic physiology, we present Bacillus licheniformis as a viable alternative platform for functional food products to aid in the control of obesity, diabetes, and other possible metabolic diseases through gut microbiota modulation.
Insights from colostrum multi-omics: exploring bioactive co-occurrence patterns in the context of maternal obesity
(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-06-13) Gámez Valdez, July Stephany; Licona Cassani, Cuauhtémoc; emimmayorquin; Brunck, Marion Emilie Genevieve; Lara Díaz, Víctor Javier; Gutiérrez García, Karina; Mancilla Herrera, Ismael; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey
Breastmilk is a complex and dynamic fluid that supplies hydration, nutrients, and bioactives essential for the optimal growth and development of neonates. Breastmilk bioactives play pivotal roles in providing passive immunity against pathogens, fostering tolerance to nascent microbiota, and facilitating the maturation of the intestinal system. Maternal obesity, a significant health concern, has been linked to changes in breastmilk composition. Understanding the intricate dynamics of bioactive compounds in breastmilk. While previous research has often focused on analyzing individual breastmilk constituents separately, there is a growing recognition of the need for a more holistic approach that considers the systemic nature of breast milk. Specifically, investigating the interactions among different bioactives, such as microbiota and metabolites, is crucial for comprehending the overall composition and function of breastmilk. Colostrum, serving as the initial seed for neonatal gut microbiota establishment, holds particular significance in this context. Nonetheless, our current comprehension of how maternal obesity impacts breastmilk bioactives through a systems biology perspective is limited. This doctoral thesis aims to bridge this gap by examining the influence of maternal obesity on the co-occurrence patterns of colostrum bioactives, including microbiota, metabolites, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Through collaboration with the Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad Materno Infantil, we obtained two cohorts of volunteers from Monterrey, comprising 30 and 48 participants, respectively, who generously provided colostrum samples. These cohorts were sampled at different times, one from May to December 2019 and the other from October 2020 to July 2022. Samples were categorized into two groups based on BMI, classified according to the World Health Organization as normal weight (≤ 24.9 kg/m2) or obesity (≥ 30 kg/m2). Using co-occurrence networks and multi-omics approaches, specifically 16S-microbiota profiling, and untargeted metabolomics, we explored the compositional and structural changes within the colostrum ecosystem in the context of maternal obesity. Our study reveals that maternal obesity induces alterations in the ecosystem structure of colostrum. While normal weight conditions showed more positive correlations between pro-inflammatory cytokines and Proteobacteria members, such as Neisseriaceae, Pasteurellaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae, these correlations were absent in obesity samples. Microbiota diversity remained stable, with subtle shifts like reduced Proteobacteria abundance observed in colostrum from women with obesity. Furthermore, metabolite profile, particularly 15-HEDE, a lipid mediator involved in pro-inflammatory response, vasodilation and hyperpermeability, exhibited reduced abundances in response to maternal obesity, also show intricate associations with inflammatory-related cytokines (IL-12p70 and IL-10) and microbial taxa (Beijerinckiaceae and Burkholderiaceae). Additionally, our study highlights the importance of considering neonate sex bias in breastmilk microbiota research, as it influences the prevalence of specific bacteria such as Streptococcaceae, Xanthobacteraceae, and Burkholderiaceae. These findings underscore the connection between alterations in the bacterial community, metabolites, and inflammatory markerswithin the colostrum environment in the context of maternal obesity. Further research is necessary to elucidate the interactions between the host and bioactives in colostrum and their broader implications concerning maternal obesity.

Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud

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