Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551014
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de los Doctorados correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Functional mining of snake venom metalloproteinases for the development of chronic wound therapeutics(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2021-10) Meléndez Martínez, David Leonardo; MELENDEZ MARTINEZ, DAVID LEONARDO; 548216; Licona Cassani, Cuauhtémoc; emijzarate, emipsanchez; Mayolo Deloisa, Karla; Borja Jiménez, Juan Miguel; Plisson, Fabien; Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Aguilar Yáñez, José ManuelChronic wounds such as skin burns, diabetic and varicose ulcers are a health problem in Mexico, generating the loss of millions of dollars in annual expenses. From the currently available treatments in the market, active wound treatments are the best cost-benefit option to treat this pathology and its market is in a rapid growth. Nowadays, several proteinases such as papain, bromelain or bacterial collagenases have been employed to enhance the wound healing process. Nevertheless, the use of these proteinases demonstrated poor results in patients. For this reason, other proteinase sources with more similarity to matrix metalloproteinases, plasmin and thrombin have been explored. Thus, this dissertation presents a characterization of snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) and snake venom serine proteinases (SVSPs) from the Mexican rattlesnakes Crotalus atrox, C. molossus nigrescens, C. ornatus and C. scutulatus scutulatus; including the development of an aqueous two phase systems (ATPS) method for the selective recovery of SVMPs and phospholipases A2 (PLA2) from rattlesnake venom. More importantly, the generation of a phylogenetic-based tool that can be used to discriminate among hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic SVMPs. The results demonstrated that the SVMPs and SVSPs contained in the Mexican rattlesnakes are capable to degrade collagen derivatives (gelatin), fibrin, fibrinogen and generate fibrin clots. Three ATPS were capable to selectively recover: 1) PLA2 (PEG 400 g mol-1, VR 1, TLL 25%, and pH 7.0), 2) P-III SVMPs (PEG 400 g mol-1, VR 1, TLL 15%, pH 7.0, and NaCl 1%) and 3) SVMPs (PEG 400 g mol-1, VR 1, TLL 25, and pH 8.5). Lastly, specificity loop flexibility is involved in the hemorrhagic activity of the SVMPs. Using this data to trim the SVMP sequences in the phylogeny-based analysis, a hemorrhagic phenotype clustering was observed. Together, all these results contribute to improve in the venom inspired drug discovery, demonstrating that the rattlesnake venom toxins, particularly the SVMPs have the potential as an active wound treatment for chronic wounds.
- Study of bioactive molecules of three cactaceae (Stenocereus pruinosus, Pachycereus weberi and Escontria Chiotilla) and their betalaina extraction in aqueous two-phase systems(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey) Sandate-Flores, Luisaldo; Parra Saldívar, Roberto; puelquio; Rostro Alanis, Magdalena De Jesus; Mayolo Deloisa, Karla Patricia; Camacho Corona, María del Rayo; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Rodríguez Rodríguez, JoséMexico has a great diversity of cacti, however, many of their fruits have not been studied in greater depth. Several bioactive compounds available in cacti juices extract have demonstrated nutraceutical properties. Two little-studied cactus species are interesting for their biologically active pigments, which are chico fruit (Pachycereus weberi (J. M. Coult.) Backeb)) and jiotilla (Escontria chiotilla (Weber) Rose)). In the country, production of pitaya (Stenocereus pruinosus) fruits has increased. These fruits have high concentration of betalains (pigments), and market has increased interest in food with natural ingredients. In the near future, sustainable methods for betalains quantification and extraction in cacti fruits for rural communities will be necessary. Betanin in pulp of chico fruit (Pachycereus weber), jiotilla (Escontria chiotilla) and pitaya (Stenocereus pruinosus) were quantified using three different analytical methods. The techniques were of Spectrophotometry UV-vis (SCC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and molar extinction coefficient (SEC). In this case SEC method represents the best option to reduce costs, time and solvents. In the three methods, coefficient of variation between measurements obtained are below 15%. Bioactive compounds and mineral content were evaluated in P. weberi and E. chiotilla. Then, clarified juices extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity (cancer cell lines) potentialities. Based on the obtained results, Chico fruit extract was found to be a good source of vitamin C (27.19 ± 1.95 mg L-Ascorbic acid/100 g fresh sample). From the cytotoxicity perspective against cancer cell lines, the clarified juices extracts of chico showed cytotoxicity (%cell viability) in CaCo-2 (49.7 ± 0.01%) and MCF-7 (45.56 ± 0.05%). While jiotilla extract had cytotoxicity against HepG2 (47.31 ± 0.03%) and PC-3 (53.65 ± 0.04%). In this study, low sugar betaxanthin and betacyanins preparations were obtained from clarified juices extracts from yellow pitaya and jiotilla using aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS). This work focuses on the effect of tie line length (TLL), phase volume ratio (Vr), and clarified juice extracts percentage on the partitioning of betaxanthins and sugars. In betaxanthins the correlation with Vr, clarified juices extracts, and TLL was determined by multiple linear regression. The desirability function was used to identify an ATPS (TLL = 37.7 %, Vr = 0.3, and 7 % crude extract) yielding a top phase with minimum total sugar (2.8 %) and maximum betaxanthin content (52.3%). These results demonstrated that Pitayas are excellent resources of betaxanthins.