Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551014
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de los Doctorados correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- La sobrecarga de Ca2+ mitocondrial es un factor clave para el desarrollo de arritmias ventriculares mortales(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-12-05) Salazar Ramírez, Felipe de Jesús; García Rivas, Gerardo de Jesús; emimmayorquin; Rojas Martínez, Augusto; Altamirano Barrera, Julio; Zazueta Mendizábal, Ana Cecilia; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud; Campus MonterreyLas arritmias ventriculares son una causa principal de muerte en pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares y éstas se asocian a niveles elevados de catecolaminas. El transporte de Ca²⁺ mitocondrial es esencial para iniciar una respuesta adrenérgica; no obstante, la estimulación continua podría llevar a una sobrecarga de Ca²⁺ mitocondrial y disfunción mitocondrial dentro del tejido cardiaco. Este estudio se centra en investigar el rol del Ca²⁺ mitocondrial en arritmias letales y los efectos de su modulación. Ratones C57BL/6 machos fueron administrados con Ru360, un potente y selectivo inhibidor del transporte de Ca²⁺ mitocondrial, o con solución salina por vía intravenosa. Un electrocardiograma (ECG) basal fue tomado, seguido de una administración subcutánea de isoproterenol (ISO). El ECG fue monitoreado por 20 minutos más, después de los cuales se aislaron cardiomiocitos y mitocondrias para estudios de caracterización. La administración de ISO llevó al desarrollo de taquicardia y fibrilación ventriculares, pero el pretratamiento con Ru360 previno exitosamente estas arritmias. Las mitocondrias de corazones tratados con ISO mostraron un contenido de Ca²⁺ mayor, indicando sobrecarga, el cual comprometía la función mitocondrial y la integridad de membrana, evidenciado por un control respiratorio disminuido, menor capacidad de retención de Ca²⁺ y menor potencial de membrana. El ISO también incrementó el estrés oxidante, demostrado por una elevada producción de peróxido de hidrógeno, fuga de electrones y modificaciones oxidativas agudas, así como una dinámica de Ca²⁺ celular errática. Esta disfunción mitocondrial se correlacionó con una menor actividad de respirosomas, pero no a una diferencia en abundancia cuantificada por el perfilado complexómico, la cual fue prevenida por el pretratamiento con Ru360. La sobrecarga de Ca²⁺ mitocondrial contribuye significativamente al desarrollo de arritmias al perturbar la función de los respirosomas e incrementando el estrés oxidante, alterando la dinámica de Ca²⁺ celular. La modulación del transporte de Ca²⁺ mitocondrial es una estrategia prometedora para el desarrollo de terapias antiarrítmicas innovadoras.
- Generation and characterization of structured vector and partially coherent beams via digital holography and interferometric techniques(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-12-04) Akbarpour, Atefeh; Hernández I. Aranda, Raúl; emimmayorquin; Gutiérrez Vega, Julio Cesár; Römer, Gert-willem R.B.E.; Doctoral Degree in Nanotechnology and Doctoral degree in Science and Technology; Campus Monterrey; Perez García, BenjamínStructured light has become a central topic in modern optics, offering new possibilities in beam shaping, optical communications, imaging, and quantum technologies. In this thesis, we present a comprehensive study on the generation, characterization, and coherence control of scalar and vector structured beams. The theoretical foundation is developed from solutions of the Helmholtz and paraxial wave equations, with particular focus on Gaussian-type families such as Hermite–Gaussian, Laguerre–Gaussian, Ince–Gaussian, and non-diffracting Helmholtz– Gauss beams including Bessel–Gauss and Mathieu–Gauss modes. Experimentally, we demonstrate a compact digital holography platform based on a single binary hologram encoded on a digital micromirror device (DMD). This setup allows for simultaneous phase and polarization control using two orthogonally polarized beams with conjugate amplitudes. With this method, we report the experimental generation of some vector beams, including vector Laguerre–Gauss, vector Bessel–Gauss, and, for the first time, vector athieu–Gauss beams. These beams are fully characterized through intensity measurements, Stokes polarimetry, and concurrence analysis, showing excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. Then, we explore structured beams in the partially coherent regime and introduce a digital scheme to engineer tunable coherence using random tilted wavevectors on a Digital Micromirror Device, enabling programmable control of coherence length in Gaussian-type beams. In parallel, we present a theoretical and experimental study of partially coherent Mathieu–Gauss beams, where both the coherence and ellipticity parameters are independently controlled using a rotating diffuser and spatial light modulator. The cross-correlation function and cross-spectral density reveal that these beams preserve structural features even as coherence is reduced, with nearly invariant spectral properties during propagation. Together, these results provide a unified framework for understanding and controlling both the polarization and coherence degrees of freedom of structured beams.
- A methodology to optimize water networks in buildings using digital technologies(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-12-04) Cortez Lara, Pedro Maximiliano; Barrios Piña, Héctor Alfonso; emimmayorquin, emipsanchez; Mora Polanco, Abrahan Rafael; Rangel Ramírez, José Guadalupe; Bustamante Bello, Martín Rogelio; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Puebla; Sánchez Andrade, BenjamínRecent advances in construction Digital Technologies (DT) have renewed interest in Building Information Modeling (BIM). At the same time, concerns about the environmental impact of the building sector continue to grow. Yet, studies that link BIM with Water Efficiency Analysis (WEA) remain limited. Most available work offers only simplified assumptions, partial simulations, or narrow approaches focused on specific modeling tasks. As a result, many buildings still rely on oversized Water Networks (WN). These systems increase carbon and water footprints and pose sanitary risks due to long periods of water stagnation. This research seeks to address these issues by developing a method to improve WN through DT while reducing their environmental impact. The study adopts a mixed approach that integrates BIM, Metaheuristics, and Input–Output (IO) analysis. The first part of the study analyzed the influence of Peak Water Demand (PWD) in WN and introduced a procedure to estimate it using standardized information. The method was evaluated through a residential case study. The results showed that the proposed approach provides consistent PWD estimates and performs better than the methods currently used in practice. The predicted demand was significantly lower, with values that were about 2.6 times smaller than those obtained through traditional procedures. The method also produced results that were close to the measurements collected on site. Even so, its purpose is not to replicate the exact observed values. A perfect match could reduce the safety margin and lead to undersized systems that fail during unusual or high-demand conditions. The second stage evaluated a methodology to integrate WEA within a BIM environment. Autodesk Revit was chosen as the primary platform because it is widely adopted and can connect different digital tools through a single model. The three proposed domains showed consistent improvements in water savings and reductions in electrical power. Their structure and customization increase the modularity of the methodology. This allows the process to adapt to projects of different scales while keeping a clear and practical workflow. These features help designers and professionals identify relevant elements and parameters early in the design phase. This leads to better water use outcomes and improves the performance of the WN throughout the following stages of the project. The third stage focused on creating a BIM-Metaheuristics algorithm to optimize WN. This part of the research stands out because it requires low technological resources while maintaining high precision in the selection of optimal pipe diameters. The method incorporates environmental factors and hydraulic constraints in a single optimization process. The results indicate that the model can reduce pipe sizes by one nominal diameter in most cases. In more demanding scenarios, the reduction can reach two diameters. These adjustments are obtained while decreasing environmental impact, lowering costs, and minimizing computational demands. The approach is flexible and can be applied to a wide range of building contexts. It consistently produces optimal configurations for WN. This contributes to a shift in how environmental performance is evaluated in plumbing design. This stage also explores the blue and carbon footprint assessment-based BIM-Input Output (BIM-IO) using Multifunctional Analysis of Regions Through Input-Output (MARIO) tool. The proposed framework demonstrated simplicity and ease of use for assessing Blue and Green water footprints in buildings using MARIO and BIM. BIM’s applicability across various building environments enables extensive data extraction. This includes detailed information from systems such as structure, architecture, HVAC, and plumbing. The level of detail depends on the Level of Detail (LOD) used in the model. The outcomes from the third stage were analyzed to determine the environmental impact and development of new policies.
- Microalgae-based bioremediation of food and beverage processing wastewater: A sustainable approach toward a circular economy concept(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-12-03) Najar Almanzor, César Eduardo; Carrillo Nieves, Danay; mtyahinojosa, emipsanchez; Luzardo Ocampo, Iván Andres; Gutiérrez Uribe, Janet Alejandra; Chairez Oria, Jorge Isaac; Detrell, Gisela; Santaeufemia Sánchez, Sergio; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Guadalajara; García Cayuela, TomásFood and beverage production generates large volumes of nutrient-rich wastewaters that pose severe environmental challenges when discharged untreated. Effluents such as nejayote (from tortilla production), tequila vinasses (from tequila distillation), and cheese whey (from cheese production) contain high organic loads and extreme pH values that contribute to eutrophication and ecosystem disruption. Developing sustainable technologies that mitigate pollution while enabling resource recovery is therefore essential for advancing circular and cleaner production. This thesis evaluates microalgae-based bioremediation as an alternative for the treatment and valorization of these agro-industrial effluents. The work encompasses algae adaptation, process scale-up, biomass characterization, and environmental assessment. A UV-mutagenesis and gradual acclimatization strategy enabled Chlorella vulgaris, Haematococcus pluvialis, and Anabaena variabilis to grow in undiluted wastewater, achieving pollutant reductions of 87–99.9% in nejayote, 31–81% in vinasses, and 35–56% in whey. Although substantial, these results indicate that microalgae are best suited as components of a hybrid treatment systems rather than standalone technology. The technology’s scalability was validated through the cultivation of H. pluvialis in 100-L raceway pond, which maintained high remediation performance and biomass productivity despite minor declines associated with evaporation. The biomass showed significant protein and ash content, supporting potential use as biofertilizer, feed ingredient, or nutraceutical ingredient. Biochemical and functional characterization of biomass grown in nejayote and tequila vinasses revealed reduced pigment and phenolic content due to cultivation stress. However, extracts retained cytokine-modulating activity in RAW 264.7 macrophages, indicating potential for use as nutraceutical ingredient, animal feed, or biofertilizers following safety validation. Life Cycle Assessment comparing a microalgae-based vinasse treatment with the conventional industrial process showed similar overall environmental burdens but substantial reductions in terrestrial ecotoxicity and human carcinogenic toxicity. It also highlighted the need for optimization in coagulant sourcing and energy integration. Overall, this work demonstrates that microalgae-based treatment of agro-industrial effluents is technically viable, environmentally promising, and aligned with a circular bioeconomy, while identifying key challenges that must be addressed to enable industrial implementation.
- Nutritional and functional characterization of mexican medicinal plants : Ludwigia octovalvis, Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, and Crotalaria longirostrata, with implications for food system integration and glycemic response reduction(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-11-30) Ramos Calónico, Kimberly Andrea; Rosa Millán, Julián de la; Vázquez Lepe, Elisa Virginia; mtyahinojosa; Ramírez Jiménez, Aurea Karina; Cardador Martínez, Ma. Anaberta; Luna Vital, Diego Armando; Ovando Martínez, Maribel; Santos Zea, Liliana; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyThis dissertation investigates the potential of three underutilized Mexican medicinal plants—Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H. Raven, Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, and Crotalaria longirostrata—to improve the nutritional quality, physicochemical properties, and predicted glycemic response of wheat-based bread. The research integrates biochemical, structural, and technological evaluations across three peer-reviewed studies. The first stage characterizes the chemical composition, phenolic profile, and in vitro inhibitory activity of the plants against key digestive enzymes (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, lipase, and pepsin), establishing their metabolic relevance and bioactive potential. The second stage evaluates the incorporation of plant flours into wheat dough (5% w/w), examining gluten functionality, dough rheology, phenolic–protein interactions, and microstructural modifications during fermentation. The third stage assesses the nutritional composition, dietary fiber fractions, starch digestibility (RDS, SDS, RS), and predicted glycemic index (pGI) of breads enriched with C. aconitifolius and C. longirostrata, using standardized in vitro digestion protocols. Collectively, the findings demonstrate that these medicinal plants modulate dough development, influence starch digestion kinetics, and can effectively reduce the pGI of bread through combined mechanisms of enzymatic inhibition and matrix driven structural modifications. This work provides a mechanistic and formulation based foundation for the development of functional foods derived from ethnobotanically relevant Mexican species, contributing to dietary strategies aimed at reducing postprandial glycemic responses.
- Development of biosensor-based diagnostic systems for breast cancer using biorecognition engineering techniques and machine learning approaches for biomarker discovery(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-07-25) Mayoral Peña, Kalaumari; De Donato Capote, Marcos; emipsanchez; Artzi, Natalie; Víctor Manuel Treviño Alvarado; Alfaro Ponce, Mariel; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; González Peña, Omar IsraelCancer is the second cause of mortality worldwide, while breast cancer is the second leading cause of global female mortality. Diagnosing and treating breast cancer patients at early stages is relevant for successful treatment and increasing the patient's survival rate. However, early diagnosis of this complex disease is challenging, especially in populations with limited healthcare services. As a result, developing more accessible and accurate diagnostic tools is necessary. The development of low-cost biosensor technologies that have been relevant in the last two decades, but these technologies are still in the process of reaching maturity. For these reasons, we decided to study two promising technologies that can be implemented in cancer biosensor development: 1) biorecognition engineering techniques; 2) machine learning approaches for biomarker discovery. The first technology comprises alternative techniques to generate molecules and molecule-based scaffolds with similar properties to those presented by antibodies. In this study, we presented a systematic analysis of the scientific peer-reviewed literature in the Web of Science from the last two decades to present the fundamentals of this technology and address questions about how it has been implemented in biosensors for cancer detection. The three techniques analyzed were molecularly imprinted polymers, recombinant antibodies, and antibody mimetic molecules. The PRISMA methodology included 131 scientific from 2019 to 2021 for further analysis. The results showed that antibody mimetic molecules technology was the biorecognition technology with the highest number of reports. The most studied cancer types were: multiple, breast, leukemia, colorectal, and lung. Electrochemical and optical detection methods were the most frequently used. Finally, the most analyzed biomarkers and cancer entities in the studies were carcinoembryonic antigen, MCF-7 cells, and exosomes. For the second technology, we developed a novel bioinformatics pipeline that uses machine learning algorithms (MLAs) to identify genetic biomarkers for classifying breast cancer into non-malignant, non-triple-negative, and triple-negative categories. Five Gene Selection Approaches (GSAs) were employed: LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator), Membrane LASSO, Surfaceome LASSO, Network Analysis, and Feature Importance Score (FIS). We implemented three factorial designs to assess the impact of MLAs and GSAs on classification performance (F1 Macro and Accuracy) in both cell lines and patient samples. Using Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) and Genetic Algorithms (GAs) in the first four GSAs, we reduced the gene count to eight per GSA while maintaining an F1 Macro ≥ 80%. Consequently, 95.5% of our treatments with these gene sets achieved an F1 Macro or Accuracy ranging from 70.3% to 97.2%. As a result, 37 different genes were obtained. We analyzed the 37 genes for their predictive power in terms of five-year survival and relapse-free survival and compared them with genes from four commercial panels. Notably, thirteen genes (MFSD2A, TMEM74, SFRP1, UBXN10, CACNA1H, ERBB2, SIDT1, TMEM129, MME, FLRT2, CA12, ESR1, and TBC1D9) showed significant predictive capabilities for up to five years of survival. TBC1D9, UBXN10, SFRP1, and MME were significant for relapse-free survival after five years. The FOXC1, MLPH, FOXA1, ESR1, ERBB2, and SFRP1 genes also matched those described in commercial panels. The influence of MLA on F1 Macro and Accuracy was not statistically significant. Altogether, the genetic biomarkers identified in this study hold potential for use in biosensors aimed at breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. We concluded that both technologies had demonstrated their utility in cancer biosensor development for vulnerable populations with limited access to healthcare. However, further studies are required, and a long road exists to establish a commercial biosensor. For this reason, we generated a research proposal to develop a biosensor integrating this study's information in an optical and electrochemical sensing platform. Also, some designs of this biosensor and preliminary results are presented.
- Comprehensive analysis of integrated processing approaches for chickpeas: enhancing nutritional, functional and bioactive attributes for novel plant-based beverage base(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-06-16) Ruiz Zambrano, Nidia Leticia; Pérez Carrillo, Esther; emipsanchez; Tejada Ortigoza, Viridiana Alejandra; Antunes Ricardo, Marilena; Luna Vital, Diego; Tobías Espinoza, Jazmin Leticia; Gasparre, Nicola; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Serna Saldívar, Sergio Román OthónThe increasing demand for plant-based beverages requires exploring different sources and processing strategies for developing nutritional and functional products. The present dissertation comprises four manuscripts focused on the effect of processing strategies on chickpeas and chickpea ingredients to produce plant-based beverages or powder beverage bases. Processing strategies assessed herein included the combination of extrusion with enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain a chickpea beverage base. This beverage base was further processed by either drying it for convenient handling or fermenting it to develop potential probiotic products. The first manuscript, titled Effect of thermal, nonthermal, and combined treatments on functional and nutritional properties of chickpeas comprises a critical literature review that synthetizes the effects of thermal, non-thermal, and combined processing strategies on chickpea functional and nutritional properties. This provides a wide understanding of the modifications induced and highlights the necessity of carefully selecting processing methods to achieve desired end-product attributes. Further experimental studies are necessary to comprehensively assess the effect of spry drying and fermentation on the novel chickpea hydrolysate and its suitability for beverage formulations. The research presented in the second manuscript, Effect of spray-drying or fermentation on the solubility and carbohydrate profile of chickpea hydrolysates for beverage formulation, demonstrated that spray-drying induced a more amorphous structure with reduced particle sizes, and improved suspension stability compared to freeze-drying, conferring attributes beneficial for plant-based beverages. Meanwhile, lactic acid fermentation prior to freeze-drying promotes higher crystallinity, larger particle sizes, and less stable suspensions in contrast with the freeze-dried beverage base. Solids separation, a previous step included in the processing strategy, made soluble dietary fraction predominant in all cases, contributing to the overall high solubility. Spray-drying with adjuvants and fermentation induced reductions in starch and raffinose family oligosaccharides contents. Processing strategies could also induce different modifications on the antinutrients and phenolic compounds of the beverage, which were evaluated in the third manuscript, Effects of spray-drying and uses of inulin and maltodextrin as adjuvants on phenolics, bioaccessibility, and in vitro glucose consumption modulation in HepG2 cells of extrudate chickpea hydrolysate powderized. Findings indicated differences in the antinutrients concentration, phenolic compounds profile and concentrations, along with the effect in glucose consumption in an insulin resistant model of HepG2 cells related to spray-drying without adjuvants or in addition of inulin and maltodextrin, with spray-drying with inulin showing overall best performance. Furthermore, the effect of extrusion in reducing tannins and trypsin inhibitor activity was also mentioned. A different approach was evaluated in the fourth manuscript, Development of chickpea beverages through enzymatic treatments: from rapid visco analyser to pilot plant production, which focused on a practical pathway for scalable chickpea beverage production. This work demonstrated the potential of Rapid Visco Analyzer as an efficient laboratory-scale tool for optimizing enzymatic hydrolysis aimed at viscosity reduction of starch-containing ingredients like chickpeas, for plant-based beverages. This work demonstrated the direct translatability of lab-scale RVA findings to pilot plant production, achieving consistent physicochemical properties comparable to those observed in previous laboratory trials. This dissertation demonstrated the importance of tailored processing in enhancing the value of chickpeas. It provides valuable information on various processing methods for chickpea-based beverages and powdered beverage bases, which are helpful for the food industry in developing novel, nutritious, and potentially beneficial chickpea-based products for the plant-based beverage market.
- Tribological studies of materials and lubricants used in EVs powertrains under electrified conditions(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-06-13) Cao Romero Gallegos, Julio Alberto; Farfán Cabrera, Leonardo Israel; emipsanchez; Aguilera, Renato, Galluzzi; Hernández Peña, Andys; Pérez González, José; Reséndiz Calderón, César David; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus PueblaElectric vehicles (EVs) are of major interest in the automotive industry since they represent a potential solution for reducing greenhouse gases and propitiate a cleaner sourcing by the energy production sectors. Also, EVs may be appealing to the consumer by their operating advantages and higher energy conversion efficiencies over internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). However, the operation of electric motors in EVs produce undesirable shaft currents due to different electrical hardware sources which can potentially reduce their powertrain performance and reliability. In fact, previous research has shown that induced shaft currents can cause premature failure problems in electric motors for different industrial applications. The most studied failures have been centered in rolling bearings, which fail due to accelerated wear and/or fatigue by stray currents. Although this problem has been already addressed, related failures persist in electrical machines. In particular, with the proliferation of EVs in this decade, this problem became relevant, as it can significantly impact on the overall performance of the EVs. Therefore, this thesis is aimed to study experimentally the tribological behavior of materials and lubricants from EVs powertrains under the influence of stray currents considering different critical operating conditions yielding and measurement of the coefficient of friction, lubricant film thickness and electric contact resistance (ECR). In addition, advanced characterization techniques such as optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy were used to study the wear mechanisms resulting from by the effects of electrification. Outcomes from this thesis concluded that the presence of shaft currents on sliding/rolling powertrain materials caused CoF alteration and a noteworthy increase of wear volumes. Mainly, these were ascribed to accelerated oxidation on the steel surfaces and also caused thermal degradation and oxidation of the lubricant used in the contact interface. Hence, gears in EVs powertrains may be exposed to alteration of performance, and additional fatigue and wear due to shaft currents produced by the EVs electrical hardware.
- Exploring the chemical diversity of environmental actinobacteria using genome mining and synthetic biology(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-06) González Salazar, Luz Angela; Licona Cassani, Cuauhtémoc; emipsanchez; Pacheco Moscoa, Adriana; De la Torre Zavala, Susana; Rodríguez López, Carlos; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Cruz Morales, PabloNatural products derived from biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in microorganisms are vital for medicine, agriculture, and industry. However, rediscovering known compounds and the resource-intensive nature of drug development delays the discovery of novel compounds. This study aimed to address these challenges by integrating genome mining and synthetic biology to explore the chemical diversity of actinobacteria from the oligotrophic environment of Cuatro Ciénegas, Mexico. In the first chapter of this work, we evaluate the genomic and biosynthetic potential of the environmental strains Lentzea sp. CC55 and Actinokineospora sp. PR83 isolated from Cuatro Ciénegas environment. Comparative genomics revealed open pan-genomes comprising 568 and 965 unique genes, respectively. BGC similarity networks identified unique clusters, including terpenes, RiPPs, NRPS, and polyketides. Both strains demonstrated antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Lentzea sp. CC55 culture showed cytotoxic activity only in liquid cultures while Actinokineospora sp. PR83 presented activity against B. subtilis for solid media. The Biosynthetic Novelty Index (BiNI) confirmed these strains as high-priority candidates for novel natural product discovery. In the second chapter, we applied the BiNI index in our collection of strains from Cuatro Ciénegas to select the candidates with the highest novelty. From the selected candidates we standardized cloning strategies for BGC expression in heterologous hosts. Using Golden Gate assembly and CRISPR/Cas9-based DNA assembly, genes were domesticated, assembled into transcriptional units, and transferred to Streptomyces albidoflavus UO-FLAV-004. Challenges with toxic fragments and incomplete assemblies were resolved using optimized host strains, resulting in the successful conjugation of core modules and the initiation of heterologous expression. In the third chapter, we explore different tools of metabolomics for the detection of metabolites produced by engineered strains. For NRPS the prediction indicates a theoretical mass: 495 Da. The RiPP corresponds to a lanthipeptide type I with a theoretical mass of 2318.9 Da. Molecular network analysis and dereplication only identified compounds produced intrinsically encoded by the host. This research presents a genomic-guide pipeline for exploring the biosynthetic potential of Cuatro Ciénegas actinobacteria, providing insights into the BGC prioritization and application of synthetic biology techniques to improve the intricate pipelines for new chemical diversity in Natural Products research.
- Novel parametrization approaches with curved and non-planar Bézier elements for the design of metamaterials, towards tailoring their energy absorption capabilities(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-04-30) Alberto Álvarez Trejo; Armando Román Flores; emipsanchez; Dhruv Bhate; Daniel Olvera Trejo; Rogelio Pérez Santiago; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Enrique Cuan UrquizoThe design of mechanical metamaterials can be enhanced when using parametric curved elements, providing the possibility of tuning their mechanical properties, such as stiffness, strength, and energy absorption. The design of these novel metamaterials can benefit from the recent progress in additive manufacturing and parametric design. In this work, cubic Bézier curves are used as building blocks in the design of both two-dimensional and three-dimensional metamaterials. Two-dimensional topologies are designed from the tessellation of cubic Bézier curves in the plane. A semi-analytical model is derived to predict their effective Young’s modulus and compared with both experiments and finite element simulations, accurately modeling the effective stiffness and providing a way of quantifying the relative contribution of bending, axial, and shear loadings. Three-dimensional topologies based on the gyroid minimal surface were also synthesized, replacing the gyroid level curve with a cubic Bézier curve and generating Coons patches defined by boundary curves. These topologies were additively manufactured, tested and simulated via numerical homogenization. Results showed the possibility of generating surface-based toopologies with up to 40% more flexibility relative to the quasi-gyroid. Energy absorption of surface-based topologies under compression can also be tailored. Topology design and selection guidelines are provided, along with the design region achievable with these novel 2D and 3D topologies.