Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud

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Development and in vivo evaluation of a probiotic-enriched functional beverage with Bacillus licheniformis for gut microbiota modulation in a high-fat diet model in C57BL/6 mice
(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-01-01) Ramírez Olea, Hugo; Chavez-Santoscoy, Rocío Alejandra; Vázquez Lepe, Elisa Virginia; mtyahinojosa; Hernández Pérez, Jesús; Yolanda Arlette Santacruz Lopez; García Cayuela, Tomas; González Soltero, María del Rocío; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey
Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic diseases are increasing across the globe. The necessity for public health to discover new interventions that can aid in fighting these conditions is crucial. Obesity, overweight, and diabetes are common conditions in Mexico. Over 70% of adults are overweight. Over a third are obese. Over 14 million people have diabetes. Understanding the link between these metabolic disorders with gut microbiota dysbiosis could therefore be critical to developing novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of these conditions. This PhD thesis intends to develop a functional drink using Bacillus licheniformis to modulate the gut microbiota and subsequently metabolism in general. In this thesis, a review of B. licheniformis was performed, enhancing its probiotic properties and mechanism of action concerning metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. B. licheniformis was chosen due to its probiotic properties regarding microbiome modulation and its helpful effects on metabolic disorders. A native strain was isolated, sequenced, and optimized for use as a single-strain probiotic. Microencapsulation of the probiotic by spray drying using a maltodextrin-alginate-inulin matrix was statistically optimized and yielded microcapsules that have low moisture content (3.02%) and high yield (51.06%) and encapsulation efficiency (80.53%), solubility (90.52%), and stability at 4 °C, 25 °C, and 37 °C for at least six months, maintaining probiotic viability under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Structural analyses (SEM, DLS, Zeta potential, FTIR, XRD, and DSC) showed interactions between the bacterium and the matrix, promoting an improvement in the amorphization, thermal stability, and release profile. The encapsulated probiotic has been added to a non-dairy functional beverage and shown to be viable through storage for over 6 months. Finally, it was evaluated in a high-fat diet Model using C57BL/6 mice. This functional beverage supplementation revealed a decrease in weight gain, prevention of hepatic steatosis, and systemic inflammation. At the same time, it improved glucose tolerance, biochemical profiles, gut microbiota diversity, and gene expressions compared to unsupplemented controls. By combining microbiology, materials science, and metabolic physiology, we present Bacillus licheniformis as a viable alternative platform for functional food products to aid in the control of obesity, diabetes, and other possible metabolic diseases through gut microbiota modulation.
Micro and nanoscale alternatives for algal biotechnological developments in health and environmental sciences
(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024) Silva Núñez, Andrea Arisbe; González Valdez, José Guillermo; emimmayorquin; Hernández Pérez, Jesús; Benavides Lozano, Jorge Alejandro; Santacruz López, Yolanda Arlette; Zaruma Arias, Pablo Esteban; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Ostenfeld Larsen, Thomas
In the last few years, microalgae research and development has attracted attention due to the ability of these microorganisms to produce a wide range of high added-value products. However, more research is still required to fully exploit their potential. This dissertation explores different microalgae biotechnological applications in two distinct areas, health and the environment, reason why this work is divided into two main parts that will be covered in Chapters 2 and 3. First, a study was performed to evaluate the potential of polymeric microencapsulation in the stabilization of phycoerythrin, a pigment with anticancer capacity but with stability problems that limit their potential as a pharmaceutical. In the second part, an analysis of the extracellular vesicles of three different strains of the microalga Prymnesium parvum, a species known to be involved in algal blooms worldwide, was performed. In this study, a proteomic analysis of the extracellular vesicles obtained from the three strains was conducted to compare their composition under normal, nitrogen-deficient, and phosphorus-deficient growth conditions. This analysis allowed a better understanding of the role that these vesicles play in algal blooms and how nutrient deficiency alters their composition. Considering both study frameworks, this work aims to contribute to our understanding of the potential biotechnological applications that microalgae could provide in different areas, such as health and the environment. By progressing this knowledge, we also open novel and interesting possibilities in the research and development of innovative biomedical applications to some of the ailments and diseases that to date are still uncurable. Furthermore, to better understand the role these microorganisms play in algal blooms, we can elaborate and take effective control measures to mitigate the health, environmental and economic impacts associated with these phenomena. By generating this knowledge, we are potentially contributing to the advancement of marine science and constructing foundations for future research and technological applications in the field of microalgal biotechnology.

Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud

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