Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551014
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de los Doctorados correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Nutritional and functional characterization of mexican medicinal plants : Ludwigia octovalvis, Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, and Crotalaria longirostrata, with implications for food system integration and glycemic response reduction(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-11-30) Ramos Calónico, Kimberly Andrea; Rosa Millán, Julián de la; Vázquez Lepe, Elisa Virginia; mtyahinojosa; Ramírez Jiménez, Aurea Karina; Cardador Martínez, Ma. Anaberta; Luna Vital, Diego Armando; Ovando Martínez, Maribel; Santos Zea, Liliana; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus MonterreyThis dissertation investigates the potential of three underutilized Mexican medicinal plants—Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H. Raven, Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, and Crotalaria longirostrata—to improve the nutritional quality, physicochemical properties, and predicted glycemic response of wheat-based bread. The research integrates biochemical, structural, and technological evaluations across three peer-reviewed studies. The first stage characterizes the chemical composition, phenolic profile, and in vitro inhibitory activity of the plants against key digestive enzymes (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, lipase, and pepsin), establishing their metabolic relevance and bioactive potential. The second stage evaluates the incorporation of plant flours into wheat dough (5% w/w), examining gluten functionality, dough rheology, phenolic–protein interactions, and microstructural modifications during fermentation. The third stage assesses the nutritional composition, dietary fiber fractions, starch digestibility (RDS, SDS, RS), and predicted glycemic index (pGI) of breads enriched with C. aconitifolius and C. longirostrata, using standardized in vitro digestion protocols. Collectively, the findings demonstrate that these medicinal plants modulate dough development, influence starch digestion kinetics, and can effectively reduce the pGI of bread through combined mechanisms of enzymatic inhibition and matrix driven structural modifications. This work provides a mechanistic and formulation based foundation for the development of functional foods derived from ethnobotanically relevant Mexican species, contributing to dietary strategies aimed at reducing postprandial glycemic responses.
- PLA coating technologies for next-generation coronary stents: dip coating, spray coating, and electrospinning(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-06-12) Macías Naranjo, Mariana; Vázquez Lepe, Elisa Virginia; emipsanchez; Rodríguez González, Ciro Ángel; Sánchez Domínguez, Margarita; Tejeda Alejandre, Raquel; Vázquez Armendáriz, Javier Oswaldo; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; García López, ErikaCurrently, various diseases are caused by the occlusion of ducts in the body. One of the most common and recurring solutions is the implantation of stents. This surgical intervention, called angioplasty, involves placing a stent in a blocked vessel to restore blood flow. Although early-generation stents made of metallic alloys, such as stainless steel (SS), demonstrated excellent mechanical properties, they are not biodegradable and often lead to long-term complications, including neointimal proliferation and chronic inflammation. As a result, polymeric coatings have been introduced to improve biocompatibility and serve as drug reservoirs. However, challenges remain in achieving optimal surface properties, such as uniformity, low roughness, and controlled thickness, which are critical for stent performance and hemocompatibility. This thesis examines three polymer coating techniques—dip coating, spray coating, and electrospinning—and assesses their effectiveness in meeting these requirements. The first article investigates dip coating using stainless steel (SS) substrates and evaluates the impact of process parameters on coating uniformity, roughness, and thickness. The second article introduces electrospinning as a method to create nanofibrous PLA coatings on SS stents, highlighting those process parameters involved in the impact of fiber diameter and surface coverage. The third article extends this approach to magnesium-based stents (WE43 alloy), addressing the additional requirement of controlling degradation rates for biodegradable applications. The last article focuses on spray coating, examining how variations in flow rate, spraying time, spraying distance, rotational speed, and inlet air pressure influence coating morphology. Altogether, this research provides a comprehensive evaluation of coating technologies for next-generation coronary stents, aiming to optimize surface characteristics to improve biocompatibility, mechanical performance, and degradation control.
- Development and in vivo evaluation of a probiotic-enriched functional beverage with Bacillus licheniformis for gut microbiota modulation in a high-fat diet model in C57BL/6 mice(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-01-01) Ramírez Olea, Hugo; Chavez-Santoscoy, Rocío Alejandra; Vázquez Lepe, Elisa Virginia; mtyahinojosa; Hernández Pérez, Jesús; Yolanda Arlette Santacruz Lopez; García Cayuela, Tomas; González Soltero, María del Rocío; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus MonterreyObesity, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic diseases are increasing across the globe. The necessity for public health to discover new interventions that can aid in fighting these conditions is crucial. Obesity, overweight, and diabetes are common conditions in Mexico. Over 70% of adults are overweight. Over a third are obese. Over 14 million people have diabetes. Understanding the link between these metabolic disorders with gut microbiota dysbiosis could therefore be critical to developing novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of these conditions. This PhD thesis intends to develop a functional drink using Bacillus licheniformis to modulate the gut microbiota and subsequently metabolism in general. In this thesis, a review of B. licheniformis was performed, enhancing its probiotic properties and mechanism of action concerning metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. B. licheniformis was chosen due to its probiotic properties regarding microbiome modulation and its helpful effects on metabolic disorders. A native strain was isolated, sequenced, and optimized for use as a single-strain probiotic. Microencapsulation of the probiotic by spray drying using a maltodextrin-alginate-inulin matrix was statistically optimized and yielded microcapsules that have low moisture content (3.02%) and high yield (51.06%) and encapsulation efficiency (80.53%), solubility (90.52%), and stability at 4 °C, 25 °C, and 37 °C for at least six months, maintaining probiotic viability under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Structural analyses (SEM, DLS, Zeta potential, FTIR, XRD, and DSC) showed interactions between the bacterium and the matrix, promoting an improvement in the amorphization, thermal stability, and release profile. The encapsulated probiotic has been added to a non-dairy functional beverage and shown to be viable through storage for over 6 months. Finally, it was evaluated in a high-fat diet Model using C57BL/6 mice. This functional beverage supplementation revealed a decrease in weight gain, prevention of hepatic steatosis, and systemic inflammation. At the same time, it improved glucose tolerance, biochemical profiles, gut microbiota diversity, and gene expressions compared to unsupplemented controls. By combining microbiology, materials science, and metabolic physiology, we present Bacillus licheniformis as a viable alternative platform for functional food products to aid in the control of obesity, diabetes, and other possible metabolic diseases through gut microbiota modulation.