Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551014
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de los Doctorados correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Biofortification of agri-food crops through sustainable bio- and nanofertilization practices as a strategy to jointly improve plant growth and increase the content of relevant phytochemicals and micronutrients(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2023) Guardiola Márquez, Carlos Esteban; Jacobo Velázquez, Daniel Alberto; emimmayorquin; López Mena, Edgar René; Navarro López, Diego Eloyr; Do Nascimento Simoes, Adriano; Morones Ramírez, José Rubén; Bioingenierías; Campus GuadalajaraModern agriculture faces important challenges to improve food security, it is evolving towards the use of novel biofortification technologies to improve agricultural productivity and fight nutrient deficiencies. Biofertilization and nanofertilization practices are increasingly used due to their efficiency, safety, and reduced environmental impact. Biofertilizers consist of formulations of plant growth promoting microorganisms that colonize the plants rhizosphere and promote plant growth by enhancing plant metabolism and improving nutrient uptake, while nanofertilizers are nanoscale nutrients with distinctive physicochemical properties that increase nutrient use efficiency. The general objective of this research work is to develop and evaluate biofertilizers based on native plant growth promoting microorganisms and zinc and iron nanofertilizers, to determine their potential to improve plant growth and biofortify agri-food crops with relevant phytochemicals and micronutrients. This work was divided in three specific objectives: (1) To isolate and characterize autochthonous microbial strains from important agri-food crops and nonagricultural plant species of northern Mexico with potential growth-promoting traits for the formulation of biofertilizers (Chapter 2). (2) To develop and evaluate zinc and iron bio-nanofertilizers formulated with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and microalgae preparations (Chapter 3). (3) To measure the impact of the combined application of biofertilizers of PGPR and zinc and iron nanofertilizers on plant growth and biofortification with glucosinolates and micronutrients in broccoli microgreens grown under seedbed conditions (Chapter 4). The main findings of the first approach included the isolation of PGPR of the Pantoea, Serratia, Pseudomonas and Rahnella genera, which showed potential PGP-traits and significantly increased the agronomic growth parameters of radish and broccoli seedlings. In the second approach zinc oxide (ZnO) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles were synthesized with the co-precipitation method and functionalized with Pseudomonas species and Spirulina platensis preparation. Results showed that ZnO- and γ-Fe2O3-nanoparticles treated with bacteria significantly improve the seedling vigor index (32.9–46.1%) of tomato and maize when applied at 75 ppm, while the same treatments applied at 250 ppm exerted better effects to improve the early plant development of radish and broccoli seedlings. The third approach revealed that the combined application of biofertilizers and zinc and iron nanofertilizers significantly improved plant growth (plant height (37–60%), leaf diameter (58–81%) and fresh weight (112–178%)), zinc (122–363%) and iron (55–162%) contents, and the concentrations of eight glucosinolates in broccoli microgreens. Biofertilizers and nanofertilizers are potential candidates to improve modern agri-food systems.