Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud

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Micro and nanoscale alternatives for algal biotechnological developments in health and environmental sciences
(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024) Silva Núñez, Andrea Arisbe; González Valdez, José Guillermo; emimmayorquin; Hernández Pérez, Jesús; Benavides Lozano, Jorge Alejandro; Santacruz López, Yolanda Arlette; Zaruma Arias, Pablo Esteban; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Ostenfeld Larsen, Thomas
In the last few years, microalgae research and development has attracted attention due to the ability of these microorganisms to produce a wide range of high added-value products. However, more research is still required to fully exploit their potential. This dissertation explores different microalgae biotechnological applications in two distinct areas, health and the environment, reason why this work is divided into two main parts that will be covered in Chapters 2 and 3. First, a study was performed to evaluate the potential of polymeric microencapsulation in the stabilization of phycoerythrin, a pigment with anticancer capacity but with stability problems that limit their potential as a pharmaceutical. In the second part, an analysis of the extracellular vesicles of three different strains of the microalga Prymnesium parvum, a species known to be involved in algal blooms worldwide, was performed. In this study, a proteomic analysis of the extracellular vesicles obtained from the three strains was conducted to compare their composition under normal, nitrogen-deficient, and phosphorus-deficient growth conditions. This analysis allowed a better understanding of the role that these vesicles play in algal blooms and how nutrient deficiency alters their composition. Considering both study frameworks, this work aims to contribute to our understanding of the potential biotechnological applications that microalgae could provide in different areas, such as health and the environment. By progressing this knowledge, we also open novel and interesting possibilities in the research and development of innovative biomedical applications to some of the ailments and diseases that to date are still uncurable. Furthermore, to better understand the role these microorganisms play in algal blooms, we can elaborate and take effective control measures to mitigate the health, environmental and economic impacts associated with these phenomena. By generating this knowledge, we are potentially contributing to the advancement of marine science and constructing foundations for future research and technological applications in the field of microalgal biotechnology.
Exosome-like vesicles in intercellular communication: Investigating the role of exosomal proteins in the pathophysiology of obesity and exploring the potential therapeutic use of exosomes.
(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2023-06-15) Donoso Quezada, Javier Alejandro; GONZALEZ VALDEZ, JOSE GUILLERMO; 234501; González Valdez, José Guillermo; puemcuervo, emipsanchez; Ramos Parra, Perla Azucena; Genevieve Brunck, Marion Emilie; Chávez Santoscoy, Rocío Alejandra; Gómez Loredo, Alma Elizabeth; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Brix Pedersen, Susanne
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition characterized by impaired insulin sensitivity, resulting in hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and other metabolic changes that can damage organs and tissues over time. Obesity is the primary risk factor for the development of T2DM, as it triggers chronic inflammation in adipose tissue, leading to the secretion of adipokines that reduce insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. On their part, exosomes, small extracellular vesicles that cells use for intercellular communication, are critical players in fundamental biological processes such as cell growth, metabolism, and inflammation. Changes in the production or composition of exosomes can lead to health issues. In this dissertation, we explore the role of exosomes in cell-to-cell communication and their potential therapeutic use, focusing on the proteomic alterations that occur in exosomes during obesity and their potential functional consequences. The experimental work in this dissertation is divided into three parts. First, we studied the effect of hyperglycemia on cell function in adipocytic and hepatocytic cell lines. Second, we investigated the changes in exosome proteome resulting from obesity and physical training in a mouse model of diet- induced obesity, emphasizing the functional implications of these alterations. Finally, we evaluated the potential therapeutic use of exosomes to deliver bioactive compounds in vitro. This work aims to enhance our understanding of exosome biology and its relevance to health and disease, particularly metabolic disorders such as obesity and T2DM. By shedding light on the functional consequences of altered exosome proteome and exploring the potential of exosomes for therapeutic purposes, this dissertation provides important insights that may pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches for metabolic disorders.

Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud

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