Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud

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Data-driven voltage regulation in smart grids using distribution phasor measurement units insights
(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-06) Pacheco Cherrez, David Santiago; Escobar Valderrama, Gerardo; emipsanchez; Guillen, Daniel; Valdez Reséndiz, Jesús; Soriano Rangel, Carlos Abraham; School of Engineering and Sciences; Campus Monterrey; Mayo Maldonado, Jonathan C.
The increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs), particularly photovoltaic (PV) systems, is rapidly transforming distribution networks (DNs) from passive systems into active, complex environments. This shift introduces challenges related to voltage regulation, harmonic distortion, system observability, and control. The variability and unpredictability of renewable generation further intensify the need for novel strategies to ensure grid stability and efficient operation. This thesis addresses these challenges by proposing and validating advanced measurement and control techniques tailored for modern distribution networks.First, to improve network observability, a Fully Informative Distribution Phasor Measurement Unit (FI-DPMU) capable of simultaneously estimating phasor dynamics and harmonic content isintroduced. Unlike traditional D-PMUs, which discard harmonic information, the FI-DPMU provides a comprehensive view of the network’s electrical characteristics, functioning both as a synchrophasor device and a power quality analyser. The device’s effectiveness is validated through hardware-in-the-loop simulations, demonstrating compliance with the IEC/IEEE 60255-118-1 standard and superior performance under conditions of frequency variability and harmonic distortion. Its low computational requirements and compatibility with low-cost microcontrollers support wide-scale deployment in practical settings.Building on this improved monitoring, the second contribution of the thesis presents a data- driven voltage regulation approach that leverages D-PMU measurements to coordinate dis- tributed energy resources and D-STATCOMs across DN. By computing a voltage performance index in real time using only voltage and reactive power data, the proposed control algorithm effectively regulates node voltages without relying on detailed system models. This approach ensures fast, accurate, and scalable Volt/Var control even under dynamic conditions such as solar intermittency, grid faults, and topology changes. Moreover, it lays the groundwork for digital twin applications and enhances system identification capabilities. Finally, recognizing the need for localized, scalable solutions in high-DER environments, a decentralized voltage control strategy for clustered PV inverters is introduced. By organizing inverters into logical groups and applying adaptive, droop-based reactive power control at the point of common coupling, the method maintains voltage stability while prioritizing units with the largest voltage deviations. Entirely data-driven and communication-decentralized among inverters, this approach reduce coordination overhead and facilitates the integration of high PV penetration in low-voltage networks.Together, these results form a comprehensive framework for enhancing observability, stability, and control in distribution networks. By combining advanced measurement techniques with data-driven control methods, this thesis offers a robust and practical toolkit for managing the technical complexities associated with the modern power systems.
Analysis and control design for grid-tied transformerless inverters
(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024) López Sarabia, Jorge Luis; Escobar Valderrama, Gerardo; emimmayorquin; Escuela de ingeniería y ciencias; Campus Monterrey; Mayo Maldonado, Jonathan
The addition of renewable energy sources to the grid poses challenges related to control schemes and the stability of inverters. For this reason, this research proposes a hardware modification for grid-tied h-bridge neutral point clamped (HB-NPC) and cascade h-bridge (CHB) inverters to address the issue of leakage ground current (LGC). The proposed modification is evaluated under different modulation schemes, and it is found to be effective in mitigating LGC. The approach used involves a system model that separates the differential-mode (DM) and common-mode (CM) parts, making the control design simpler by breaking it down into two independent processes. Furthermore, this work presents a control design for balancing the DC-link capacitor voltages of a transformerless HB-NPC inverter. The control law is designed based on the DM and CM models, where the DM model is used for grid current injection control, and the CM model is used for balancing the DC-link capacitors' voltages. Finally, this work introduces a prescriptive control approach for grid-tied inverters, which is different from the common feedback actions such as proportional (P), integral (I), derivative (D), and resonant (R) controls. The prescriptive approach begins by prescribing desired dynamics and then synthesizes the exact feedback to achieve these dynamics. The approach is found to be compatible with popular P+R control but offers a wider range of dynamic responses and improved performance metrics. The hardware solution and control methods are tested through simulation and experimental evaluation to demonstrate their effectiveness.

Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud

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