Ciencias Exactas y Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/551014
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de los Doctorados correspondientes a las Escuelas de Ingeniería y Ciencias así como a Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud.
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- Circular bioeconomy approach to valorize brewery spent grains in the brewing industry(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025) Saldarriaga Hernandez, Sara Cristina; Carrillo Nieves, Danay; mtyahinojosa, emipsanchez; Amaya Delgado, Lorena; Rodríguez Martínez, Verónica; García Cayuela, Tomás; Chuck Hernández, Cristina E.; Coronado Apodaca, Karina G.; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Guadalajara; Choudhary, HemantBrewer's spent grains (BSG), the main byproduct of the brewing industry, represent an abundant resource with strong potential, yet its deconstruction remains a challenge because most of the existing pretreatment strategies were developed for biomass that differ significantly from protein rich feedstocks. This research focused not on identifying new products from BSG, but on determining how to valorize it effectively within real biorefinery constraints. The complexity of releasing fermentable sugars were identified as a major barrier, particularly related to high cost of enzymes used during pretreatment and saccharification. These considerations shaped a research program centered on improving process efficiency rather than expanding product portfolios. The work first evaluated whether local lignocellulolytic fungi could reduce saccharification costs by producing enzymes directly on BSG. Although Trichoderma atroviridae and Penicillium rubens strains expressed relevant activities, their performance was far below industrial standards and lacked lignin degrading functions. This led to an exploration of biological pretreatment using Ganoderma lucidum, a ligninolytic fungus, within an integrated biorefinery concept. The fungal treatment reduced carbohydrate and protein availability and caused inflated lignin estimates because of fungal cell wall components. These results indicated that colonized BSG is more suitable for food applications than for biochemical conversion. This finding motivated a dual pathway model, one route based on raw BSG for fermentation and another based on fungal treated BSG for functional food ingredients. The food pathway was validated through bread prototypes enriched with treated biomass, which showed improved fiber content and acceptable sensory profiles. In parallel, chemical pretreatments were examined. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) produced promising sugar release, but required washing to remove solvent residues, increasing environmental and operational burdens. These limitations led to the central focus of this dissertation, the evaluation of a one pot pretreatment using the biobased ionic liquid cholinium lysinate [Ch][Lys]. A Box Behnken design (BBD) identified optimal conditions, within the model, that yielded 47.5 % glucose and 73.9 % xylose. Scale up experiments produced hydrolysates compatible with fermentation, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae achieved 98 % of the theoretical ethanol yield without detoxification. A techno economic analysis (TEA) showed that process simplification, ionic liquid reuse and brewery integration could significantly reduce production costs. Across all studies, a common conclusion emerged. Protein rich biomass requires tailored pretreatments that consider protein and lignin interactions. This insight resulted in a conceptual framework that supports more effective valorization of BSG and related feedstocks, and outlines a practical pathway toward circular brewery biorefineries.