Ciencias Sociales
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/582997
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de los Doctorados correspondientes a las Escuelas de Gobierno y Transformación Pública, Humanidades y Educación, Arquitectura y Diseño, Negocios y EGADE Business School.
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- European option pricing on day-ahead electricity prices: the mexican wholesale electricity market case(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-11-28) Ramírez García, Alfredo; Saucedo de la Fuente, Eduardo; emipsanchez; Núñez Mora, José Antonio; Amorós Espinosa, José; Contreras Valdez, Mario Iván; Escuela de Graduados en Administración y Dirección de Empresas; Campus Ciudad de MéxicoThe present research proposes a novel European option pricing model with the day-ahead electricity price as an underlying asset which could be implemented as the first day-ahead electricity price hedging financial instrument in the Wholesale Electricity Market (MEM). Therefore, this work represents an essential contribution to the MEM's development since, according to Roy and Basu (2020), MEM should be considered an emerging electricity market owing to its small number of participants, and hedging financial instruments, such as futures or options, cannot be acquired. Hence having an instrument of this kind would allow market participants to implement better risk management strategies to hedge day-ahead electricity price volatility to prevent financial losses. This work is divided into five chapters; each concerns a different component of the proposed model. In Chapter 1, the main characteristics of the MEM, as well as a review of the operating rules that are most closely related to the design of the proposed financial instrument, as well as a general context of the MEM and the growth initiatives proposed by the Mexican government, are described. In Chapter 2 an in-depth review of the probability theory necessary for a complete understanding of the proposed model, starting with basic probability concepts and moving on to the Normal Inverse Gaussian and Multivariate Normal Inverse Gaussian probability distributions, as well as the valuation of a European Option by Monte Carlo valuation is provided. In Chapter 3, two topics are addressed; first, a statistical analysis is performed to confirm that well-known LMP stylized facts, such as seasonality, volatility, and autocorrelation, are observable on MEM's day-ahead electricity prices. Second, Normal Inverse Gaussian (NIG) distribution capability to fit LMP logarithmic returns (Series Returns) is shown as follows: the Seasonal and Trend Decomposition Model (STL), NIG parameter estimation by Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) of Series Returns, simulated NIG series generation from obtained parameters, and goodness-of-fit tests are performed to demonstrate NIG's distribution capabilities to fit and simulate electricity returns series. In Chapter 4, the European option pricing model employing Multivariate Normal Inverse Gaussian (MNIG) is proposed. In order to obtain the European option price for 28 days ahead on an hourly basis (672 hours ahead) by applying this model, each week hour is assumed to be a single independent asset, which produces 168 series for a single week. Four lagged log-prices for each hour are then obtained to be modeled employing MNIG distribution to perform Monte Carlo simulations and generate electricity lagged log-prices trajectories which then are employed to estimate the European option price for the 672 hours ahead by applying the European option pricing methodology. Results show that by applying this valuation model, electricity price correlation and seasonality are modeled by the employment of MNIG distribution, which simplifies modeling complexity and MNIG makes it possible to obtain a correct European option price valuation for each of the forecast values. Finally, the research conclusions are presented in Chapter 5.
- Assessing digital skills as a job resource: the moderating role of digital skills in the relationship between job stressors and psychological detachment(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-11-22) Paredes Aguirre, Milton Ismael; Hernández Pozas, Olivia del Roble; emipsanchez; Ayala Millán, Christian Yarid; Campoverde Aguirre, Ronald Enrique; EGADE Business School; Campus MonterreyDigitalization has reshaped work and education, making Digital Skills essential for success in technology-driven environments. Despite their importance, few studies have evaluated Digital Skills as potential job resources that can help manage job stressors and support Psychological Detachment. This doctoral thesis addresses this gap in the literature through four studies. The first study reviewed the interplay between Digital Skills and Well-being, suggesting that these skills may act as a resource that promotes well-being and mitigates stress. The second study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Digital Self-Efficacy scale, grounded in the DigComp framework, to assess the Digital Skills in Spanish-speaking workers. The third and fourth studies applied the Stressor-Detachment Model to explore whether Digital Skills can reduce the effect of job stressors on Psychological Detachment in digital work environments. Study 3 focused on workers in Ecuador, while Study 4 extended the analysis to university educators using a scale designed for educational contexts. The results showed that Digital Skills help workers and educators manage stress and support mental detachment from work. Some unexpected findings, such as certain stressors being positively linked with Psychological Detachment, suggest that further research is needed to understand stress responses in digital workplaces.
- Florecimientos humanos a través del reconocimiento social: historias de vida de mujeres profesionistas del Tecnológico de Monterrey(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-10) Reyes Carballo, María Magdalena; García González, Dora Elvira; emipsanchez; Tolentino Tapia, Gabriel; Escuela de Humanidades y Educación; Campus Ciudad de México; Camargo Castillo, Javier AlejandroLa investigación doctoral plantea un problema que parte del nivel empírico en torno a la situación de las mujeres en la sociedad mexicana actual. Explora particularmente cómo se asienta el proceso del florecimiento humano, cómo se abre paso a lo largo de la vida – no solo en el ámbito laboral- de mujeres que tienen en común una formación universitaria y que laboran en el Tecnológico de Monterrey ejerciendo funciones docentes y no docentes. El dominio empírico dialoga con tres categorías teóricas: el florecimiento humano, el reconocimiento social y la opresión. Los florecimientos, vistos por mediación de las capacidades centrales de Martha Nussbaum, se ven facultados por el reconocimiento social en forma de cuidado, derecho y solidaridad; y también se ven negados en presencia del menosprecio y las variadas caras de la opresión en sus modalidades enunciadas por sus respectivos autores Axel Honneth e Iris Marion Young. La aproximación en realidad privilegia la dimensión empírica en la medida que se aventura a problematizar los límites de sus relaciones facultativas del florecimiento humano, los términos de sus relaciones de negación, así como su carácter individual o colectivo. La metodología de la investigación es cualitativa, basada en el método biográfico. Los resultados que se obtienen registran las relaciones entre los florecimientos humanos heterogéneos y las formas de reconocimiento social. Asimismo, las manifestaciones de las formas de menosprecio y opresión como relaciones de negación de los florecimientos humanos. Se concluye que existen florecimientos colectivos que subyacen al florecimiento en apariencia individual.
- Elaboración de un compuesto biodegradable, de matriz polihidroxibutirato (phb) y refuerzos vegetales de avena y olote: procesamiento, caracterización y simulación de propiedades mecánicas(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-06-14) Gómez Gast, Natalia; Vieyra Ruíz, Horacio; emimmayorquin; Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Campus Estado de MéxicoActualmente, se están desarrollando iniciativas para reducir los residuos plásticos. En este contexto, la Unión Europea y organizaciones públicas y privadas de varios países están liderando la implementación de regulaciones enfocadas en los plásticos de un solo uso. Se propone que para el año 2030, los envases de plástico y los contenedores de alimentos sean reutilizables o reciclables. Esta situación ha impulsado las investigaciones en biopolímeros. Un ejemplo de ellos son los desarrollos de materiales termoplásticos biodegradables, como los polihidroxialcanoatos (PHA), almidones termoplásticos (TPS), ácido poliláctico (PLA), y plásticos derivados de proteínas y lípidos, entre otros [1, 2]. Estos materiales están orientados en reemplazar los materiales derivados de fuentes fósiles. Sin embargo, la capacidad actual de producción de estos materiales, los altos costos de procesamiento y sus limitadas propiedades mecánicas representan obstáculos para la aplicación a mayor escala. Para superar estas barreras, se están explorando estrategias como el refuerzo de los biomateriales con otros polímeros y con diferentes tipos de fibras, aunque esto introduce complejidades adicionales en diseño y procesamiento. Para acelerar el diseño y minimizar los costos de producción, se pueden emplear diversos métodos de simulación, que pueden contribuir en agilizar el proceso y reducir costos de producción y caracterización. Para la simulación de materiales compuestos es importante considerar los aspectos como: la representación geométricade la micro estructura, seleccionar los elementos que se usarán para generar la malla (discretización), establecer condiciones de contorno apropiadas que representen las fuerzas del sistema, y la adopción de métodos numéricos eficientes y la integración de herramientas estadísticas, incluyendo diseños xperimentales y modelos de regresión y predicción. En este trabajo se procesó un material compuesto basado en una matriz de PHA, almidón termoplástico (TPS) y refuerzos vegetales. Evaluadas sus propiedades térmicas y mecánicas, se sugiere su aplicación en empaques, material aislante, aligeramiento de estructuras. Además, se presenta una metodología para la predicción de propiedades que abarca los aspectos mencionados anteriormente. Se utilizó un volumen representativo (RVE) y el Método de Homogeneización Numérica (NHM) para el cálculo del comportamiento macro mecánico de los compuestos. Los resultados fueron validados mediante el Método de Homogeneización Asintótica (AHM) y datos experimentales, con estimaciones de error de 0,0019 % y 7 %, respectivamente. Este modelo es valioso para predecir los módulos elásticos longitudinales y transversales, el módulo de corte y el coeficiente de Poisson, lo que enfatiza su importancia en la investigación de materiales compuestos.
- Rawls for peace: rethinking rawlsian moral theory and moral psychology through peace education(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-05) Erives Chaparro, César Akim; García González, Dora Elvira; emipsanchez; Freiin von Villiez, Carola Hildegard Gertrud; Cepeda Mayorga, Ivon Aída; Escuela de Humanidades y Educación; Campus Ciudad de MéxicoThis investigation aims to provide a critical reinterpretation of Rawlsian theory (particularly Rawls’ moral theory and moral psychology) through the lens of peace studies and peace education. Through the revision of Rawls’ works (mainly A Theory of Justice) a connection is drawn between Rawlsian ideas, such as the sense of justice, moral sentiments and reflective equilibrium with peace education. A theoretical compatibility between Rawlsian theory and peace studies is discussed throughout the thesis. In spite of the fact that Rawls does not explicitly address peace in his work, a deep concern for structural equality, nonviolence and human and moral development is found in his ideas, as far as to say that it could be interpreted as a version of positive peace. The relevance of this investigation relies on the practical application of a systematic theory-oriented perspective such as Rawlsian moral theory, with an action-oriented field of peace studies and peace education. Additionally, in the last chapter, a case study is presented. Interviews were conducted to peacebuilding educators, where their own practices were explored regarding moral sentiments, human development and pedagogical methodology. The results show these topics are essential in peace education as a value and action-oriented perspective. Lastly, this investigation concludes with the exposition of peace and justice as two intertwined ideals and virtues and with the reflection of the relevance of Rawlsian theory in contemporary debates
- Furthering our understanding of the role of self-regulation in green consumer behaviors(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2024-04) Francke Hubbard, Anna Elena; Carrete Lucero, Lorena de la Paz; emipsanchez; Vera Martínez, Jorge Luis Graciano; Felix, Reto; EGADE Business School; Campus Santa FeSelf-regulation refers broadly to an individual´s ability to control or modify their behavior to accomplish long-term goals and navigate the appeal of falling back on unhelpful habits or temptations. In recent decades there has been an increase in scholarly research focusing on this variable as it has been found to be important for the welfare of consumers and society for preventing problems such as obesity and credit card debt. While prior research has pointed to self-regulation being a good predictor of green behaviors, understanding of the underlying mechanism for this relationship is basically non-existent. From an academic perspective, this work is worthwhile as it provides an additional explanation to the intention-behavior gap on green consumer behavior. This dissertation has the primary purpose of furthering our understanding of how individual consumers’ ability to self-regulate their behavior impacts their participation in green behaviors. Additionally, from a practical perspective, this work is valuable as it helps us better understanding how we can aid consumers in strengthening their ability to self-regulate towards green behaviors. This way policy makers and practitioners can ultimately encourage these behaviors in more effective ways. This dissertation is composed of three individual studies which make up the main chapters. First, a systematic literature review was undertaken using a framework-based approach to present an organized and synthesis understanding of extant literature. Here, a thorough examination was done of the antecedents, decisions, outcomes, theories, contexts, and methods of self-regulation research between the years 2000 and 2020. One of the opportunities we identified in this literature review was a dearth of research regarding how self-regulation impacts an important social issue of our times: environmental degradation. Next, based on this identified research gap, the two following research studies were designed to deepen our understanding of how self-regulation impacts green consumer behaviors. Given that the direct relationship between self-regulation and green behavior had been previously studied, we elected to include an additional variable: collective action. Collective action was selected because despite having been amply studied in social movements such as protests and civil rights movements, there is a currently a debate in literature regarding its role in sustainable consumer behavior. It has been proposed that the requirement of collective action might make it challenging for consumers to consistently commit to green behaviors because the involvement of many is needed for sustainable actions to amount to a significant environmental change. Thus, this dissertation seeks to explore how consumers’ perception of the requirement of collective action might facilitate or hinder their ability to self-regulate towards the goal of behaving sustainably. For understanding the interplay between requirement of collective action, self-regulation, and green behaviors, two different studies were undertaken. First, we sought to establish the main effect by determining if consumers perceive that collective action is required for green behaviors to have a meaningful impact, and what impact this perception has on their intention to participate in green behaviors. For this purpose, in the second study of this dissertation, an experimental approach was used. Once this baseline effect was established, a third study was designed to test the mediating effect of self-regulation. For this third study a mediation analysis using structural equations modelling was completed with the purpose of testing how consumer perception of the requirement of collective action affects their ability to self-regulate towards green behaviors. Overall, findings of the empirical research indicate that when consumers perceive that the effort of many is required, they are more likely to commit to green behaviors. This relationship is found to be fully mediated by self-regulation. Having a deeper understanding of why consumers choose to participate in green behaviors is helpful for practitioners and policy makers who aim to encourage these behaviors. Finally, the dissertation concludes with a chapter outlining specific proposals for future research to continue advancing our understanding of consumer self-regulation towards green behaviors as it is my strong belief that this line of research will lead to an increased wellbeing for both individuals and for society at large.
- An examination of GATT 1994 article XXI: fit for the current international security environment?(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2023-04-27) García Santaolalla, Nadia; Barrera Flores, José Guadalupe; emipsanchez; Ruiz Fabri, Hélène; Mavroidis, Petros C.; Jara Puga, Alejandro; Escuela de Gobierno y Transformación Pública; Sede EGAP Santa FeAre GATT 1994 security exceptions fit for the current international security environment? How could these exceptions be modernised to better suit current realities? Using a transdisciplinary strategy that integrates doctrinal and socio-legal methods, this dissertation addresses these research questions. Through an interpretative analysis of GATT Article XXI, an examination of the current international landscape, a review of States’ security agendas, a comparative analysis of WTO case law with other international regimes, and a survey of policymakers, practitioners, and scholars’ views, this dissertation shows that the text of Article XXI, as it stands today, is not entirely suited for the current international security environment. Since GATT Article XXI’s formulation in 1947, technological advances and changes in the social, economic and political contexts at the international and domestic levels have significantly affected States’ security dynamics. States’ approaches to security have therefore expanded in recent years from an exclusive or predominating focus on traditional threats imperilling the physical integrity of the State, like military conflicts, to clearly non-traditional threats involving, for example, critical infrastructure, cybersecurity or political and economic concerns. Accordingly, this dissertation closes with policy recommendations to modernise GATT security exceptions to better suit modern realities.