Ciencias Sociales
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/582997
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de los Doctorados correspondientes a las Escuelas de Gobierno y Transformación Pública, Humanidades y Educación, Arquitectura y Diseño, Negocios y EGADE Business School.
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- Relationship between changes in regulation, corporate governance, and firm performance: Mexico’s case(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2006-12-01) García Nuñez, Heriberto; Fonseca Ramirez, Alejandro; Ibarra Yunez, Alejandro; Flores Zambada, RicardoThe present dissertation is dedicated to study the regulation of corporate governance practices and performance relationships. Several studies have been conducted around the world, based on how the good corporate governance practices impact the performance of the firm. Good corporate governance is related to the protection of the investor rights, and could be established by changes in law, regulation procedures, contracts, control, and normative procedures or product market influence. The present research is related to the regulation, law changes around corporate governance practices in Mexico, and how those changes influence the performance of the firm. The Mexican economy is affected by globalization, financial market integration, and potential investment opportunities around the world; part of the answer of those changes is regulation and investor protection rights.
- The political cycle and the mexican economy(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2006-12-01) Gamez Garza, Cesareo; GAMEZ GARZA, CESAREO; 229585
- Sourcing Strategies, Supplier-Buyer Relationships, and Performance Outcomes: A Transaction Cost Economics and Social Network Theory Approach-Edición Única(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2006-08-01) Gómez Corripio, Sergio; Dr. Ferando Mata Carrasco; Sukran Kadipasaoglu; Dr. Alejandro Ibarra YúnezThis research investigates the impact of sourcing strategies on sourcing performance based on transaction cost economics and social network theory. The analysis considers the sourcing strategies use to buy the three inputs that represent the highest percentage of total purchasing expenses of the firm. The strategies studied were: sole sourcing, multiple sourcing with a preferred supplier, mix sourcing (sole source for some inputs and multiple source with a preferred supplier for others), and multiple sourcing with equally-split suppliers. Sourcing performance was measured by the following outcomes: input price, input quality level, on-time delivery, complete-order delivery, order fulfillment lead time, and supplier responsiveness. Data were collected from a sample of 95 Mexican manufacturing firms and analyzed using factor analysis, cluster analysis, and analysis of variance. Results show a preference towards a reduced supplier base (i.e., popularity of sole sourcing and multiple sourcing with a preferred supplier). Sole sourcing was the best performer in terms of input price, input quality vi level, on-time delivery, complete-order delivery, and order fulfillment lead time. However, it was only significantly better in terms of complete-order delivery. Multiple sourcing with equally-split suppliers was the best performer in terms of supplier responsiveness. However, no significant difference was found with respect to the other strategies. A relevant contribution was to discover that mix sourcing was not as attractive as theory states, therefore filling the gap of empirical studies that test the impact of a mix sourcing strategy on particular performance outcomes. With the exception of one firm, all manufacturers reported buying only very low and low complexity inputs (i.e., commodity-type). No significant moderating effect of input nature was found in the relationships between sourcing strategy and sourcing performance. v
- Resource-Based Competition Between Retailers and E-Tailers Within the Marketspace: A Supply Chain Perpective of E-Commerce-Edición Única(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2006-06-01) Rodríguez García, Jesus B.; Dr. Fernando Mata; Dr. Alejandro Ibarra; Dr. Socorro MarcosThis dissertation is composed of three individual articles which are related each other. The purpose of this investigation was to theoretically develop a conceptual model for the analysis of the competitive environment where traditional retailers compete against e-tailers. To accomplish this purpose, the supply chain management, strategic management, information technologies, and open systems research fields were combined through the three articles. In the first article, a conceptual definition of supply chain management as a management philosophy was developed. The supply chain phenomenon was studied under an open systems perspective to explain why the non-rational motivations of the individuals composing the supply chain should be aligned across the social-psychological, the organizational structure, and the ecological levies of supply chain analysis. Using the resource-based view of the firm, it was explained how it is possible to implement a competitive strategy for the entire supply chain to achieve a competitive advantage for the supply chain and, in turn, for its members. In the second article, the e-tailer was considered as the last member of a truncated supply chain. The inter-organizational management systems implemented along the chain were considered as supply chain capabilities increasing the e-tailer's customer value and consequently as the basis for achieving and sustaining the e-tailer's competitive advantage. The e-tailing model of B2C ecommerce was described and a model to analyze competition between retailers and etailers within the marketspace was developed under a resource-based view of the firm. In the third article, it was assumed that customers decide to buy products through the Internet based on: the valué they receive from e-tailers, their reliability concerns related to the e-tailer and the Internet as transaction medium, and the existence of network externalities. The value offered by an e-tailer was defined as a function of: product quality; delivery speed; flexibility to customize the product accordingly to customer specifications; objective costs such as price, and shipping cost; and subjective costs regarding time and location constrains to place an order. A survey was conducted and the empirical results served to partially prove the model developed in the second article.
- A field study on social loafing: implications of expectations on co-workers, task meaningfulness, relationship meaningfulness and indivuals orientation(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2006-06-01) Hernández Pozas, Olivia del Roble; Flores Zambada, Ricardo; Díaz Sáenz, Héctor René; Mendoza Gómez, Joel; Ibarra Yúnez, AlejandroThis study examines the potential moderating effect of Task meaningfulness (TM) and Relationship meaningfulness (RM), of team members, on the relationship between Expectations on co-workers competence and reliability (ECW) and Social loafing (SL). In addition, a direct effect of an individuals Orientation (i.e. Allocentric or idiocentric) (O) on Relationship meaningfulness (RM ) is tested too. In a field-based study, 697 production team members, as well as, their direct supervisors & co-workers responded to questionnaires. Results of descriptive statistics, correlations, analysis of variance and moderated regression analysis are exhibited. These results indicate the existence of diverse significant relationships vii between the proposed SL model variables. As expected, the direct effect of O on RM was found as significant. On the contrary, the moderating effects of TM and RM on the relationship between ECW and SL were not significant. As a result, the study of a potential direct, antecedent, or mediating effect of these two variables on SL is recommended for future research. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
- Compensation structure as a determinant of firm performance(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2006-04-01) Zambrano Mañueco, Homero; Ibarra Yúnez, Alejandro; Lowe, Robert A.; Laszlo, AlexanderThis study presents a theoretical model of firm performance as a function of wage dispersion with a causal relationship that explains most of the inconsistency of previous empirical research, which shows contrasting results from one study to the other. We can trace the shortcomings of empirical research in this field to narrow geographic or industrial sector settings, which limit the validity of the studies. In this study, effort is modeled based on equity theory and relative deprivation theory, within a systemic framework that considers interaction between hierarchical levels in the firm, and the interaction with the market, with a trans-disciplinary approach. The main results are: a) wage dispersion cannot increase indefinitely without causing operating margin to fall. The behavior of this financial indicator is non-monotone with respect to iv the degree of wage dispersion in the firm; b) large firms are more likely to benefit from a hierarchical wage structure, while small firms could experience some improvement in their fundamental financial indicators with a more compressed compensation structure. Firm size is measured in terms of number of employees; c) upper levels tend to apply more effort if the firm increases its wage dispersion with respect to a firm mimicking the labor market; d) a market with high income inequality affects the firm in that the former makes less attractive for the firm to make a move towards increased internal inequality. An ancillary result of this work is the proposition of a way to determine the weighing factor ? in Akerlof and Yellen's (1990) equation that models relative deprivation. I list the factors that affect that parameter
- From chaos to cookie cutting: an enhanced version of emergence of value in resource-based view(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2006-01-01) Luján Salazar, Luis A.; W. McKelvey, William; García Calderón Díaz, Luis; Maranto Vargas, Daniel; íbarra Yjinez, AlejandroThe field of strategy has been evolving in its quest for better answers about firm performance. One actual and relevant answer relies on the Resource-Based View (RBV). One may agree with the RBV claim that firms differ and internal resources matter. In this work is argued that not exclusively internal resources are important, but also their relation with external resources. Firms environment differ as well as its external resources. This enhanced view asks to include into the scene external resources related to the firm. The inclusion of external resources might be important per se, but more important is to explore the impact of the firm's external and internal IX resources on the emergence of value in the firm and by extension on the explanation of the firm's performance. How the value is created? This is an inductive study of five firms, two in the airline industry two in the frozen food industry and one in the cement industry. Based on the research question, two stages were found: The first stage named forge stage, and a second stage called cookie cutting. The first stage was named as forge stage, because several alternatives configurations of internal and external resources are tried, like one experiment after other. Strategizing is observed in form of experimentation. If a successful configuration emerges -a configuration capable to deliver value- from the interaction of the firm's resources and the environment's resources, impressive results can be observed. From firms that were almost bankrupted to flourishing and healthy firms. In the first stage, in the early days of the firm, drastic changes were observed. These changes were possible because of its small size and its lack of path dependence. In this work, it was peculiar that the two followers -that ex ante had an idea about what the configuration of the firm might be did not survive. Those firms did not have a forge period of experimentation and because the changing configuration, a valuable configuration was not found, soon those firms filed for bankruptcy. Surprisingly it was found that firms in the second stage, firms do not alter the main way of creating value. It was a trend to no respond anymore to its environment, as soon as the configuration of resources had emerged in the first stage, it is frozen. If x it is successful the emergent configuration, it could face different environments and still keep delivering value, sometimes in settings wide different from their original. This finding challenge the traditional idea of that the firm keeps its adaptability. The second stage, the cookie cutting stage, the firm expands its operations, no more drastic changes are tried; this stable configuration makes economizing the most valuable strategy where the reduction of waste prevails.
- The moderating role of perceived vulnerability in the relationship between patriotism and consumer ethnocentrism(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2005-07-01) Wise Lozano, Jorge A.; Lozano Fernández, Gerardo; García de la Torre, Consuelo; García-Calderón Díaz, Luis; Dr. Alejandro Ibarra-YunezThis research establish that the consumer's perceived vulnerability to a threat is a relevant variable that modifies the preference for domestic origin products. This study demonstrates that perceived vulnerability to a threat such as damaging one's personal well-being is a relevant factor when consumers express their preference for domestic products, or consumer ethnocentrism. Using a model relating patriotism and consumer ethnocentrism, perception of vulnerability is shown to be a pure moderation variable affecting that relationship. The literature about ethnocentrism has failed to recognize relevant factors other than patriotism that influence the level of consumer ethnocentrism. One such relevant factor is the individual's perceived vulnerability to a threat. Using a Mexican sample of consumers, this study evidenced that patriotism is a relevant factor influencing the level of consumer ethnocentrism. Additionally the vi interaction between patriotism and perceived vulnerability is found to positively moderate that effect. Using scales previously developed of patriotism and consumer ethnocentrism the findings suggest that patriotic Mexicans will be ethnocentric consumers. However, they will increase their ethnocentric feelings due to a perception of vulnerability to a threat affecting their well-being and standard of living.
- The Impact of cognitive-affective content on advertising messages in consumer attitudes and behavioral intentions : the dual cognitive-affective model (DMAC)(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2005-07-01) Valdéz García, Carlos G.; Villegas, Jorge; Ruy Martinez, Carlos; Pedroza, Jorge; Ibarra, AlejandroIn advertising, two important theoretical approaches, cognitive and affective, explain how consumer attitudes and behavioral intentions are affected by message content. However, the effects of cognitive and affective content in a single advertising message in consumer attitudes and behaviors have been understudied. In vi this research, using the theoretical constructs of cognitive and affective approaches to explore the effects of their interaction in advertising messages was studied utilizing Multivariate Analysis of Variance and Regression Analysis with five relevant constructs: as Independent Variables Type of Ad and Product Class Involvement, and as Dependent Variables Attitude toward the Ad, Attitude toward the Brand and Purchase Intention. With an observation sample size of 634, the study tested the proposed model and examined the final model under high involvement conditions. The results indicate that the five constructs take a unique role in the advertising persuasion process. Among the constructs, the combination of cognitive and affective content that creates the cognitive-affective type of ad showed that can influence Attitude toward the Brand in High Involvement Product Category in a more positive way compared to a Cognitive Ad or an Affective Ad. In addition, the idea that a consumer can generate thoughts and emotions from a Cognitive, or Affective or Cognitive-Affective Type of Ad was demonstrated. Also, the study found that an advertisement can be recalled by cognitive and emotional elements content, regardless the advertisement Cognitive, Affective or Cognitive-Affective nature.
- Toward a group empowerment model in mexican organizations : A structural equation modeling approach(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2005-01-01) Mendoza Gómez, Joel; Flores Zambada, Ricardo; Villanueva Sánchez, Carlos A.; García-Calderón Díaz, Luis; Ibarra Yunez, AlejandroA model of group empowerment within the context of Mexican organization is proposed and empirically tested. Studying groups in the workplace has attracted increasing attention during the last years from academics and practitioners. The construct of group empowerment has been scarcely studied; however, group motivation is a crucial element for the group effectiveness. The study of group motivation has not completely covered the process through which group empowerment is generated. Social values and norms are elements that might influence this process. Additionally, there is no reported study of group empowerment in the Mexican organization context. In the theoretical perspective of work group effectiveness, a series of variables are conceived as causes of group effectiveness. Thus, the proposed model in a heuristic way describes a series of hypothesized relationships among the variables incorporated. Therefore, the proposed model includes variables from the organizational context, group V structure and group processes, such as: group mental model, group coordination, and group membership. Group empowerment that includes six dimensions: potency, meaningfulness, autonomy, impact, group trust, and group affective tone. Group effectiveness, conceived as performance outcomes, such as: productivity, proactivity, and customer service; then, conceived as attitudinal results: group satisfaction, teamwork, and team commitment. Five organizations from Monterrey, Mexico gave their authorization to apply all the instruments designed to measure the variables of the study and recollect the information from their employees. Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach of structural equations modeling is utilized to prove the hypotheses proposed. Results of the study expand the conceptual work in group empowerment and contribute to the work group effectiveness stream of theory. Additionally, results provide information that can be utilized to design more effective work groups in the context of Mexican organizations.