Ciencias Sociales
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/582997
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de los Doctorados correspondientes a las Escuelas de Gobierno y Transformación Pública, Humanidades y Educación, Arquitectura y Diseño, Negocios y EGADE Business School.
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- Establishing Manufacturing Subsidiaries Abroad: The Influence of Interaction Capacity on Technology Transfer-Edición Única(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2007-12-01) Hartmann, Andreas Michael; Dr. Bryan W.Husted; Dr. Alejandro Ibarra Yúnez; Dr Allain JolyThis study combines the knowledge-based and the capability views of the firm for building and testing a model of technology transfer between units of multinational corporations (MNCs). Within the model, the technology to be transferred is presented as organizational knowledge, which is partially tacit, distributed, and embedded in a social context. The transfer process can be carried out more or less efficient depending on a firms transfer capability, which is decomposed into the sending units emissive capacity, the dyads interactive communication capacity, the receiving units absorptive capacity, and the receiving units local adaptation capacity. The empirical study focuses on interaction capacity and seeks to identify those organizational practices that speed up or slow down the transfer process. The transfer event under study is the setup of manufacturing facilities by MNCs. The dependent variable was the time required for setting up a new manufacturing subsidiary. Different versions of the dependent variable were defined by the milestones of start of construction, arrival of machines, first v shipment, full capacity, and corporate-level productivity. The sample consisted of the manufacturing subsidiaries of foreign MNCs set up in the Northeast Mexican state of Nuevo Léon that started operations between 1998 and 2007. Data were gathered through a survey applied to the focal subsidiaries managers. A general finding of the study was that setup times differed by a ratio of up to 1:100. Subsidiary size was not found to be relevant, but complexity was. The mathematical model for analyzing the data was a moderated regression analysis, where four different indicators of the difficulty of the transfer task were used to make the transfer events comparable among each other: supplier diversity, documentation, teachability, and interunit similarity. Supplier diversity made the initial phase of the setup process especially difficult. Contrary to the literature on knowledge codification, documentation of technology was found to be helpful only when combined with face-to-face communication. Teachability proved to be the most reliable indicator of the difficulty of the transfer task. The fourth moderator, namely interunit similarity, showed that firms that replicated an existing organizational structure had an easier task for the initial phase of the setup. Six main hypotheses were tested in the study. H1 posited a positive effect of interunit communication on transfer efficiency. With frequency of incoming visits as independent variable, H1 was confirmed for all phases, while more expatriates were only helpful in the ramp-up phase. H2 concerned the difference between mediated and face-to-face communication. The data not only confirmed H2 but showed a reverse causality in the sense that phone communication increased when the setup was slow, but did not improve the process. H3 predicted a positive effect of interunit trust on transfer efficiency, which was found only for the less well defined tasks within the setup process and when trust had had time to evolve. H4 vi posited that a buyer-supplier relationship between the sending unit and the receiving unit would help with setup performance, but was not confirmed. To the contrary, new subsidiaries that depended on their MNCs as suppliers took longer for their setup processes. H5 concerned the MNC's host country experience, which was found to be significant for the less structured tasks within the setup process. Finally, H6 predicted that the general manager's setup experience would have a positive effect on transfer times. This effect was found for the ramp-up phase when the technology was easily teachable. Furthermore, host country nationals as general managers had an advantage for starting and ramping up when technology was not too complex; in all other cases, foreign experts achieved higher performances. The study discusses the implications of these findings for management theory and MNC practice and presents suggestions for further research.
- Relationship between changes in regulation, corporate governance, and firm performance: Mexico’s case(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2006-12-01) García Nuñez, Heriberto; Fonseca Ramirez, Alejandro; Ibarra Yunez, Alejandro; Flores Zambada, RicardoThe present dissertation is dedicated to study the regulation of corporate governance practices and performance relationships. Several studies have been conducted around the world, based on how the good corporate governance practices impact the performance of the firm. Good corporate governance is related to the protection of the investor rights, and could be established by changes in law, regulation procedures, contracts, control, and normative procedures or product market influence. The present research is related to the regulation, law changes around corporate governance practices in Mexico, and how those changes influence the performance of the firm. The Mexican economy is affected by globalization, financial market integration, and potential investment opportunities around the world; part of the answer of those changes is regulation and investor protection rights.
- Net Cash Flow Analysis as Stochastic Processes Theory Application and the Real Options Theory: A New Approach-Edición Única(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2006-12-01) Mota Aragón, Martha B.; Dr. Belen Villalonga-Morenés; Dr.Francisco Venegas-Martínez; Dr.Luis García-Calderón Díaz; Dr.Alejandro Ibarra-YúnezThe main contribution of this dissertation is focused on the Capital Investments Theory that influences on Real Option Theory. My Ph.D Thesis asserts that net cash flow (NCF) and the interest rate (rt) of a investment project are stochastic processes. A new model of mean reversion for the NCF administration named “Vasicek extended” is made, among others; the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) model for interest rate is considered. A fundamental contribution to this thesis is considering external control variables (Zt) which modify the Net Cash Flow trajectory. To the system of dynamic variables is joined Vector Autoregressive VAR(l) which captures the dynamic interaction of the control variables used by the council administration. We work through from a continuous to a discrete version. Then is explained NPV from my new point of view. The modified NPV(Zt) this gives a more accurate value for valuating VPN(Zt) +<�, � is the real option, therefore we see a step forward on the topic. There is a complete analysis for the discrete case and therefore a complete methodology for applying these ideas to any enterprise in any country. This methodology is applied to the Mexican case, particularly to large enterprises which are listed in the Mexican Stock Market and a taxonomy to get a classification of their situation derivates from it. We arrive 9 naturally possible cases and any enterprise is classified into one of them. The general model are estimated for 69 large enterprises and it shows where every enterprise is located over its corresponding quadrant, this also results as a map allowing having a clear panorama about industrial situation in Mexico. Through the thesis development, we enter upon the information asymmetry notion to obtain the “news cash flow curve” applied to the NCF profit as another contribution. An application on 69 large enterprises listed in the Mexican Stock Market is made.
- Sourcing Strategies, Supplier-Buyer Relationships, and Performance Outcomes: A Transaction Cost Economics and Social Network Theory Approach-Edición Única(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2006-08-01) Gómez Corripio, Sergio; Dr. Ferando Mata Carrasco; Sukran Kadipasaoglu; Dr. Alejandro Ibarra YúnezThis research investigates the impact of sourcing strategies on sourcing performance based on transaction cost economics and social network theory. The analysis considers the sourcing strategies use to buy the three inputs that represent the highest percentage of total purchasing expenses of the firm. The strategies studied were: sole sourcing, multiple sourcing with a preferred supplier, mix sourcing (sole source for some inputs and multiple source with a preferred supplier for others), and multiple sourcing with equally-split suppliers. Sourcing performance was measured by the following outcomes: input price, input quality level, on-time delivery, complete-order delivery, order fulfillment lead time, and supplier responsiveness. Data were collected from a sample of 95 Mexican manufacturing firms and analyzed using factor analysis, cluster analysis, and analysis of variance. Results show a preference towards a reduced supplier base (i.e., popularity of sole sourcing and multiple sourcing with a preferred supplier). Sole sourcing was the best performer in terms of input price, input quality vi level, on-time delivery, complete-order delivery, and order fulfillment lead time. However, it was only significantly better in terms of complete-order delivery. Multiple sourcing with equally-split suppliers was the best performer in terms of supplier responsiveness. However, no significant difference was found with respect to the other strategies. A relevant contribution was to discover that mix sourcing was not as attractive as theory states, therefore filling the gap of empirical studies that test the impact of a mix sourcing strategy on particular performance outcomes. With the exception of one firm, all manufacturers reported buying only very low and low complexity inputs (i.e., commodity-type). No significant moderating effect of input nature was found in the relationships between sourcing strategy and sourcing performance. v
- A field study on social loafing: implications of expectations on co-workers, task meaningfulness, relationship meaningfulness and indivuals orientation(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2006-06-01) Hernández Pozas, Olivia del Roble; Flores Zambada, Ricardo; Díaz Sáenz, Héctor René; Mendoza Gómez, Joel; Ibarra Yúnez, AlejandroThis study examines the potential moderating effect of Task meaningfulness (TM) and Relationship meaningfulness (RM), of team members, on the relationship between Expectations on co-workers competence and reliability (ECW) and Social loafing (SL). In addition, a direct effect of an individuals Orientation (i.e. Allocentric or idiocentric) (O) on Relationship meaningfulness (RM ) is tested too. In a field-based study, 697 production team members, as well as, their direct supervisors & co-workers responded to questionnaires. Results of descriptive statistics, correlations, analysis of variance and moderated regression analysis are exhibited. These results indicate the existence of diverse significant relationships vii between the proposed SL model variables. As expected, the direct effect of O on RM was found as significant. On the contrary, the moderating effects of TM and RM on the relationship between ECW and SL were not significant. As a result, the study of a potential direct, antecedent, or mediating effect of these two variables on SL is recommended for future research. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
- From chaos to cookie cutting: an enhanced version of emergence of value in resource-based view(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2006-01-01) Luján Salazar, Luis A.; W. McKelvey, William; García Calderón Díaz, Luis; Maranto Vargas, Daniel; íbarra Yjinez, AlejandroThe field of strategy has been evolving in its quest for better answers about firm performance. One actual and relevant answer relies on the Resource-Based View (RBV). One may agree with the RBV claim that firms differ and internal resources matter. In this work is argued that not exclusively internal resources are important, but also their relation with external resources. Firms environment differ as well as its external resources. This enhanced view asks to include into the scene external resources related to the firm. The inclusion of external resources might be important per se, but more important is to explore the impact of the firm's external and internal IX resources on the emergence of value in the firm and by extension on the explanation of the firm's performance. How the value is created? This is an inductive study of five firms, two in the airline industry two in the frozen food industry and one in the cement industry. Based on the research question, two stages were found: The first stage named forge stage, and a second stage called cookie cutting. The first stage was named as forge stage, because several alternatives configurations of internal and external resources are tried, like one experiment after other. Strategizing is observed in form of experimentation. If a successful configuration emerges -a configuration capable to deliver value- from the interaction of the firm's resources and the environment's resources, impressive results can be observed. From firms that were almost bankrupted to flourishing and healthy firms. In the first stage, in the early days of the firm, drastic changes were observed. These changes were possible because of its small size and its lack of path dependence. In this work, it was peculiar that the two followers -that ex ante had an idea about what the configuration of the firm might be did not survive. Those firms did not have a forge period of experimentation and because the changing configuration, a valuable configuration was not found, soon those firms filed for bankruptcy. Surprisingly it was found that firms in the second stage, firms do not alter the main way of creating value. It was a trend to no respond anymore to its environment, as soon as the configuration of resources had emerged in the first stage, it is frozen. If x it is successful the emergent configuration, it could face different environments and still keep delivering value, sometimes in settings wide different from their original. This finding challenge the traditional idea of that the firm keeps its adaptability. The second stage, the cookie cutting stage, the firm expands its operations, no more drastic changes are tried; this stable configuration makes economizing the most valuable strategy where the reduction of waste prevails.
- The moderating role of perceived vulnerability in the relationship between patriotism and consumer ethnocentrism(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2005-07-01) Wise Lozano, Jorge A.; Lozano Fernández, Gerardo; García de la Torre, Consuelo; García-Calderón Díaz, Luis; Dr. Alejandro Ibarra-YunezThis research establish that the consumer's perceived vulnerability to a threat is a relevant variable that modifies the preference for domestic origin products. This study demonstrates that perceived vulnerability to a threat such as damaging one's personal well-being is a relevant factor when consumers express their preference for domestic products, or consumer ethnocentrism. Using a model relating patriotism and consumer ethnocentrism, perception of vulnerability is shown to be a pure moderation variable affecting that relationship. The literature about ethnocentrism has failed to recognize relevant factors other than patriotism that influence the level of consumer ethnocentrism. One such relevant factor is the individual's perceived vulnerability to a threat. Using a Mexican sample of consumers, this study evidenced that patriotism is a relevant factor influencing the level of consumer ethnocentrism. Additionally the vi interaction between patriotism and perceived vulnerability is found to positively moderate that effect. Using scales previously developed of patriotism and consumer ethnocentrism the findings suggest that patriotic Mexicans will be ethnocentric consumers. However, they will increase their ethnocentric feelings due to a perception of vulnerability to a threat affecting their well-being and standard of living.
- The Impact of cognitive-affective content on advertising messages in consumer attitudes and behavioral intentions : the dual cognitive-affective model (DMAC)(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2005-07-01) Valdéz García, Carlos G.; Villegas, Jorge; Ruy Martinez, Carlos; Pedroza, Jorge; Ibarra, AlejandroIn advertising, two important theoretical approaches, cognitive and affective, explain how consumer attitudes and behavioral intentions are affected by message content. However, the effects of cognitive and affective content in a single advertising message in consumer attitudes and behaviors have been understudied. In vi this research, using the theoretical constructs of cognitive and affective approaches to explore the effects of their interaction in advertising messages was studied utilizing Multivariate Analysis of Variance and Regression Analysis with five relevant constructs: as Independent Variables Type of Ad and Product Class Involvement, and as Dependent Variables Attitude toward the Ad, Attitude toward the Brand and Purchase Intention. With an observation sample size of 634, the study tested the proposed model and examined the final model under high involvement conditions. The results indicate that the five constructs take a unique role in the advertising persuasion process. Among the constructs, the combination of cognitive and affective content that creates the cognitive-affective type of ad showed that can influence Attitude toward the Brand in High Involvement Product Category in a more positive way compared to a Cognitive Ad or an Affective Ad. In addition, the idea that a consumer can generate thoughts and emotions from a Cognitive, or Affective or Cognitive-Affective Type of Ad was demonstrated. Also, the study found that an advertisement can be recalled by cognitive and emotional elements content, regardless the advertisement Cognitive, Affective or Cognitive-Affective nature.
- Evolution of the Help Desk Service in a Mexican Organization: A Case Study-Edición Única(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2003-08-01) Ramírez Vargas, Jorge A.; Dr. Amit Basu; José I. Icaza; Ricardo Flores; Olivia VillalbaThe Help Desk service has been a useful way to fulfill the immediate needs of MIS users when they interrupt their work due to a misfunction of technology or simply when they have some question about the hardware or software. vi The Help Desk formal service is hardly comming to existence in a planned way, it has rather evolved because of the users's needs demanding a fast solution in order to mantain the operation up. That's why the gathering of information about the problems solved is not properly used. In the ideal situation, this information should be delivered and used by the decision-makers for generating knowledge, and therefore having an impact on the organization's technological strategy. Due to the hurry for solving problems and the little emphasis for generating knowledge, the research in this area has been almost completely in the hands of practitioners. Consequently, it is important to deal with two issues: the formal research for Help Desk and the study of its evolution since its formalization. This thesis shows the concepts related to the Help Desk service and also its descriptors and the way in which its structure and function are influenced by several organizational factors. The objective is to propose a theoretical model for the evolution of this service inside an organization. A case study is carried out in a mexican organization in order to evaluate the validity of such model. This evolution is defined from the possible ways in which an organization uses the information technology, according to the IT strategic grid proposed by Cash (Cash 1992). The results of the research confirm the usefulness of the proposed model.