Ciencias Sociales
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11285/582997
Pertenecen a esta colección Tesis y Trabajos de grado de los Doctorados correspondientes a las Escuelas de Gobierno y Transformación Pública, Humanidades y Educación, Arquitectura y Diseño, Negocios y EGADE Business School.
Browse
Search Results
- From inclusion to sustainability: a novel framework for measuring financial inclusion and Its environmental consequences in Mexico(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2025-05-28) Cadena Espinoza, Salvador Ulises; Cabral Torres, René; emipsanchez; García, Adriana; Min Kim, Jong; Buitrago Rubiano, Ricardo Ernesto; EGADE Business School; Campus Santa FeFinancial inclusion is traditionally measured through the construction of composite indices that aggregate access and usage variables related to financial services. These indices are often developed using conventional methodologies, such as the Human Development Index framework or Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In the existing literature, financial inclusion indices are typically calculated for a specific point in time, generating a ranking of units (e.g., countries or municipalities) for that period. New indices and rankings are then recalculated for subsequent periods, allowing for comparative analysis across time. Once computed, these indices can beused either as dependent or explanatory variables in the study of other phenomena of interest.aim of this research is to construct financial inclusion indices using multiple methodologies and to assess whether any specific approach yields superior results. In particular, the study emphasizes the development of intertemporal indices to monitor the evolution of financial inclusion both across municipalities and over time. A further objective is to explore whether there exists a relationship between financial inclusion and air pollution emissions.Chapter 2 presents the construction of financial inclusion indices using four distinct methodologies: (1) Principal Component Analysis (PCA), (2) the Human Development Index (HDI) approach, (3) Kernel-based nonlinear PCA, and (4) Non- negative Matrix Factorization (NMF). All indices are constructed using 2019 data on access and usage of financial services, provided by the Mexican financial regulatory authority. Chapter 3 extends the Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) methodology introduced in Chapter 2 to construct a dynamic, intertemporal financial inclusion index. This chapter leverages quarterly data from 2013 to 2022, provided by the same financial regulatory authority, to track the evolution of financial inclusion across Mexican municipalities. The extended methodology allows for consistent measurement over time, enabling both cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of financial access and usage patterns.Chapter 4 examines the relationship between the financial inclusion index and air pollutant emissions, specifically carbon monoxide (CO), for Mexican municipalities. The analysis is conducted using two cross-sectional datasets corresponding to the years 2013 and 2018. By linking financial inclusion to environmental outcomes, this chapter explores whether increased financial access and usage is associated with changes in pollution levels, providing insights into the potential environmental implications of financial development.
- Three Essays on Spatial Productivity Spillovers across Mexican Regions(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2023-02-03) López Cabrera, Jesús Antonio; Cabral Torres, René; tolmquevedo; Flores Segovia, Miguel Alejandro; Pérez Padilla, Ramón; EGADE Business School; Sede EGADE Santa FeThis thesis analyzes spatial productivity across Mexican geographical entities. It begins with an introduction chapter addressing productivity, the spatial topic, context, research questions, and the methodology employed. The second chapter presents an essay on the convergence in manufacturing labor productivity in Mexico, from 1993 to 2018. The study follows the tradition of economic growth studies but uses the analytical tools that spatial econometrics has been developing over the last few years. Three econometric models are estimated, the first two with the traditional view, while the third corresponds to a spatial econometric model. The results allow us to see that there is convergence between states and municipalities, as well as significant spillovers in manufacturing labor productivity between states and municipalities. This means that states or municipalities with high productivity have a positive impact on the productivity of neighboring states or municipalities. Empirical evidence also shows that, on average, a municipality takes 26.5 years to reduce 50% of the initial productivity gap, while it takes 99.4 years for a state, under initial growth conditions. The third chapter addresses the spatial disaggregation of productivity in a shift-share style model. The chapter analyzes which local components and national factors influence local manufacturing productivity. Results show that regional shifts increase the divergence between national and state-specific performance. Chapter four presents a study between wages and manufacturing labor productivity. The relationship is analyzed in the context of the state dimension and considers the impact that the productivity of neighboring entities has on local remunerations, given the proximity in geographic space. It is important to mention that the omission of the spatial structure in the estimates can lead to a bias in the estimation of the productivity parameter in relation to wages. The results show that a 1% increase in manufacturing labor productivity would increase wages by 0.1%, on average, in the state in question, while the spatial lag manufacturing labor productivity has an effect of 0.047% on wages. Finally, the last chapter contains conclusions, final remarks, policy implications, and lines of future work.
- The Sustainability of Mexico Subnational Debt(Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, 2022-04-04) Del Castillo de la Fuente, Ernesto; Cabral Torres, René; tolmquevedo; Ayala Gaytan, Edgardo Arturo; Hernández Trillo, Fausto; EGADE Business School; Sede EGADE MonterreyAfter the costly bailout of subnational public finances in 1995, the Mexican central government began a process of fiscal decentralization aimed to prevent unsustainable debt levels and further subnational bailouts. Despite the efforts, between 1996 and 2016, subnational debt grew ten times in nominal terms. As a response, the Ley de Disciplina Financiera de las Entidades Federativas y los Municipios (hencefort LDF) was enacted in 2016. The LDF included a new fiscal rule intended to discipline subnational governments. The purpose of this dissertation is two-fold. First, it provides an assessment of Mexican states' and municipalities' debts from 1993 to 2017, paying particular attention to the effects of the 2008-09 global financial crisis. Second, it evaluates the effectiveness of the new fiscal rule encoded in the LDF.